全文获取类型
收费全文 | 18186篇 |
免费 | 1401篇 |
国内免费 | 2961篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 2830篇 |
废物处理 | 338篇 |
环保管理 | 2951篇 |
综合类 | 10343篇 |
基础理论 | 1819篇 |
环境理论 | 9篇 |
污染及防治 | 1185篇 |
评价与监测 | 812篇 |
社会与环境 | 1162篇 |
灾害及防治 | 1099篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 68篇 |
2023年 | 286篇 |
2022年 | 521篇 |
2021年 | 695篇 |
2020年 | 705篇 |
2019年 | 557篇 |
2018年 | 463篇 |
2017年 | 629篇 |
2016年 | 728篇 |
2015年 | 769篇 |
2014年 | 875篇 |
2013年 | 1107篇 |
2012年 | 1250篇 |
2011年 | 1387篇 |
2010年 | 981篇 |
2009年 | 1066篇 |
2008年 | 773篇 |
2007年 | 1242篇 |
2006年 | 1187篇 |
2005年 | 1048篇 |
2004年 | 940篇 |
2003年 | 872篇 |
2002年 | 755篇 |
2001年 | 631篇 |
2000年 | 590篇 |
1999年 | 549篇 |
1998年 | 381篇 |
1997年 | 306篇 |
1996年 | 206篇 |
1995年 | 194篇 |
1994年 | 170篇 |
1993年 | 154篇 |
1992年 | 97篇 |
1991年 | 58篇 |
1990年 | 40篇 |
1989年 | 24篇 |
1988年 | 30篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 28篇 |
1983年 | 18篇 |
1982年 | 19篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 18篇 |
1979年 | 17篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 9篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 242 毫秒
631.
632.
整治塔里木河上、中游用水结构,恢复和重建下游绿色走廊 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
塔里木河下游的卡拉到罗布庄(台特马湖口),河道长度491kin,塔河中、上游大规模水土开发,使其下游的水量不断减少。从20世纪70年代开始,大西海子水库就成了塔里木河最终归宿地,两大沙漠在绿色走廊的多处合拢。绿色走廊生态危机已越来越显露出来,遏制塔河下游生态恶化趋势刻不容缓,重新构筑绿色长城不能在延误了。笔者于2002-10月和2004—05月先后两次对塔河中、下游地区进行实地考察,在实地考察和前人研究资料的基础上,对整治塔河上、中游,恢复和重建下游绿色走廊问题进行探讨。 相似文献
633.
钻井是石油天然气勘探开发过程中的重要环节,钻井过程中污染物的排放管理也受到各国普遍的重视。对钻井污染物的特点进行了分析,在此基础上概括地介绍了美国的相关环境管理法规体系。重点论述了与钻井排污有关的资源保护与补偿法、安全饮用水法、清洁水法等,总结了可供我国借鉴的若干法规、标准制定的理念和方法。 相似文献
634.
红外光度法测定石油类和动植物油常见问题探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据石油类在波数为2930cm-1、2960 cm-1、3030 cm-1全部或部分谱带处有物征吸收的原理,采用红外光度测油仪和水样絮凝富集技术测定石油类、动植物油。 相似文献
635.
636.
Exploiting Abstract Possibilities: A Critique of the Concept and Practice of Product Patenting 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hans Radder 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2004,17(3):275-291
Developments in biotechnology and genomics have moved the issue of patenting scientific and technological inventions toward the center of interest. In particular, the patentability of genes of plants, animals, or humans and of genetically modified (parts of) living organisms has been discussed, and questioned, from various normative perspectives. This paper aims to contribute to this debate. For this purpose, it first explains a number of relevant aspects of the theory and practice of patenting. The focus is on a special and increasingly significant type of patents, namely product patents. The paper provides three general arguments against the concept and practice of product patenting. The first argument briefly considers the claim that patents are legitimate because they promote socially useful innovation. Against this claim, it is argued that product patents may hamper rather than promote such innovation. The second and main argument concludes that product patents are not adequately based on actual technological inventions, as they should be according to the usual criteria of patentability. The principal moral issue is that product patents tend to reward patentees for inventions they have not really made available. The final argument proposes a method for patenting the heat of the sun. Assuming that granting this patent will be generally considered absurd, the argument exposes a further, fundamental problem of the concept and practice of product patenting. 相似文献
637.
Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger 《Natural resources forum》2004,28(1):61-74
This article develops a practical proposal for progress on sustainable development law. It examines the prospects for an international sustainable development law to provide a framework for more effective, coherent governance. Sustainable development law is briefly defined and an analytical framework is provided. Different degrees of integration between economic, social and environmental law are described. Certain principles of international law related to sustainable development are also highlighted. It is argued that these principles may serve to guide law‐makers and jurists where social, economic and environmental law and policy conflict or overlap. Continuing, underlying questions of sustainable development governance are addressed and its global frameworks analysed. The article also focuses on the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development, held in Johannesburg in August‐September 2002, and its specific mandate for the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (UNCSD) to take related legal developments into account. The article advances a proposal: that governments, economic, social and environmental intergovernmental organizations and other actors establish a ‘network of inquiry’ with members from relevant groups, including legal and academic organizations, and other expert groups, in order to follow, research, analyse and debate legal developments in a balanced way. 相似文献
638.
Hao-Jan Hsing Fang-Kuo Wang Pen-Chi Chiang Wan-Fa Yang 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2004,40(4):42
More than 50,000 tons of hazardous waste are imported and exported worldwide each year. Over 50% of hazardous waste is exported to Southeast Asia, of which leather waste is the major component. The exportation quantities of hazardous waste to Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries are decreasing while they are on the increase to non-OECD countries. Some of these wastes are intended for recycling purposes but the usage of some others is not stipulated. The hazardous waste importation quantity kept fairly steady from 1997 to 2000, of which ash or residues containing copper or copper compounds were the major component. Under existing regulations and measures, the transboundary movement of hazardous waste cannot be effectively controlled and monitored. In order to ensure environmentally sound hazardous waste management, EPA-Taiwan revised the Waste Disposal Act in 2001 and cooperated with the Industrial Development Bureau (IDB) to promote industrial waste reduction and recycling projects. Strategies were proposed based on evaluation according to the 3Es Principles and the site investigation in this study. 相似文献
639.
Ton H. Snelder Barry J.F. Biggs Mark A. Weatherhead 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(1):1-13
ABSTRACT: A method is demonstrated for the development of nutrient concentration criteria and large scale assessment of trophic state in environmentally heterogeneous landscapes. The method uses the River Environment Classification (REC) as a spatial framework to partition rivers according to differences in processes that control the accrual and loss of algae biomass. The method is then applied to gravel bed rivers with natural flow regimes that drain hilly watersheds in New Zealand's South Island. An existing model is used to characterize trophic state (in terms of chlorophyll a as a measure of maximum biomass) using nutrient concentration, which controls the rate of biomass accrual, and flood frequency, which controls biomass loss. Variation in flood frequency was partitioned into three classes, and flow data measured at 68 sites was used to show that the classes differ with respect to flood frequency. Variation in nutrient concentration was partitioned at smaller spatial scales by subdivision of higher level classes into seven classes. The median of flood frequency in each of the three higher level classes was used as a control variable in the model to provide spatially explicit nutrient concentration criteria by setting maximum chlorophyll a to reflect a desired trophic state. The median of mean monthly soluble reactive phosphorus and soluble inorganic nitrogen measured at 68 water quality monitoring sites were then used to characterize the trophic state of each of the seven lower level classes. The method models biomass and therefore allows variation in this response variable to provide options for trophic state and the associated nutrient concentrations to achieve these. Thus it is less deterministic than using reference site water quality. The choice from among these options is a sociopolitical decision, which reflects the management objectives rather than purely technical considerations. 相似文献
640.
Mario Tiscareo‐Lpez Miguel Velsquez‐Valle Jaime Salinas‐Garcia Alma Delia Bez‐Gonzlez 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(2):401-408
ABSTRACT: Intensive cropping systems based on mechanical movement of soil have induced land degradation in most agricultural areas due to soil erosion and soil fertility losses. Thus, farmers have been increasing fertilization rates to maintain an economically competitive crop yield. This practice has resulted in water quality degradation and lake eutrophication in many agricultural watersheds. Research was conducted in the Patzcuaro watershed in central Mexico to develop appropriate technology that prevents nonpoint source pollution from fertilizers. Organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) losses in runoff and nitrate (NO3‐N) percolation in Andisols with corn under conventional till (CT) and no‐till (NT) treatments using variable percentages of crop residue as soil cover were investigated for steep‐slope agriculture. USLE type runoff plots were used to collect water runoff, while suction tubes with porous caps at 30, 60, and 90 cm depth were used to sample soil water solutes for NO3‐N analyses. Results indicated a significant reduction of N and OM losses in runoff as residue cover increased in the NT treatments. Inorganic N in runoff was 25 kg/ha for NT without residue cover (NT‐0) and 6 kg/ha for the NT with 100 percent residue cover (NT‐100). Organic matter losses in runoff were 157 and 24 kg/ha for the NT‐0 and NT‐100 treatments, respectively. Nitrate‐N percolation was evident in CT and NT with 100 percent residue cover (NT‐100). However, NT‐100 had higher NO3‐N concentration at the root zone, suggesting the possibility of reducing fertilization rates with the use of NT treatments. 相似文献