氮沉降下西南亚高山针叶林生长的养分限制特征

长期氮(N)沉降及其诱导的N、磷(P)养分平衡性对森林生长与生产力的生态反馈效应已成为当前森林生态学研究的前沿与热点,但目前大多研究主要基于已有文献数据整合分析,而缺乏野外原位系统性研究与试验证据.以西南亚高山两种典型人工针叶林——云杉(Picea asperata)林和华山松(Pinus armandii)林为对象,...     

江苏启东邻近海域氮磷营养盐分布特征、组成及营养水平评价

基于江苏启东邻近海域2019年4月 、10月海水的调查数据,探讨该海域溶解无机氮(DIN)、溶解无机磷(DIP)的分布特征及成因,分析氮磷营养盐的构成特点,评价该海域的营养水平,通过DIN、DIP与环境因子的相关性分析,探讨影响DIN和DIP的主要环境因素.结果表明,春季各监测站位DIN、DIP平均质量浓度分别为0.3...     

某城市湖泊中磷的循环特征及富营养化发生潜势

通过对浙江省临海市东湖水体磷元素的输入与输出途径与通量、磷元素在湖泊环境中的循环特征以及磷循环对水温上升的响应分析,并基于对该水体从2000年开始隔年进行各参数的观测,表明2000年以来磷输入年平均增量为0.007～0.009mg/L,水中叶绿素a平均年增0.14～0.56μg/L,透明度年平均下降0.38～0.49m,溶解氧年平均下降0.21～0.71mg/L.并依此建立了反映湖泊富营养化发生潜势的这些主要代表性参数与湖水中总磷含量之间的相关关系,揭示了可以通过从磷物质单因子的变化预测所引起的其它因子变化之间的关系来综合判断湖泊的营养状态,从而为减少湖泊富营养化的发生、提高湖泊水质提供科学依据.     

Selection and characterization of eight freshwater green algae strains for synchronous water purification and lipid production

The objective of this study is to select and characterize the candidate for synchronous water purification and lipid production from eight freshwater microalgae strains (Chlorella sp. HQ, C. emersonii, C. pyrenoidosa, C. vulgaris, Scenedesmus dimorphus, S. quadricauda, S. obiquus, Scenedesmus sp. LX1). The strains Chlorella sp. HQ, C. pyrenoidesa, and S. obliquus showed superiority in biomass accumulation, while the top biomass producers did not correspond to the top lipid producers. S. quadricauda achieved higher lipid content (66.1%), and Chlorella sp. HQ and S. dimorphus ranked down in sequence, with lipid content above 30%. Considering nutrient removal ability (total nitrogen (TN): 52.97%; total phosphorus (TP): 84.81%), the newly isolated microalga Chlorella sp. HQ was the possible candidate for water purification coupled with lipid production. To further investigate the lipid producing and nutrient removal mechanism of candidate microalga, the ultra structural changes especially the lipid droplets under different water qualities (different TN and TP concentrations) were characterized. The results elucidate the nutrient-deficiency (TN: 3.0 mg·L^–1; TP: 0.3 mg·L^–1) condition was in favor of forming lipid bodies in Chlorella sp. HQ at the subcellular level, while the biomass production was inhibited due to the decrease in chloroplast number which could further suppress the nutrient removal effect. Finally, a twophase cultivation process (a nutrient replete phase to produce biomass followed by a nutrient deplete phase to enhance lipid content) was conducted in a photo-bioreactor for Chlorella sp. HQ to serve for algae-based synchronous biodiesel production and wastewater purification.     

长江口营养盐浓度变化及分布特征

根据2003年11月(枯季)和2004年8月(洪季)对长江口的2次现场调查,分析探讨了长江口的营养盐浓度变化及分布特征.结果表明,长江口水体3种不同形态的溶解无机氮中,以NO3--N含量最高,洪、枯季分别占溶解态无机氮的92.8%～97.7%和84.3%～98.4%.洪季NO3--N和NH+-N含量高于枯季,洪季与枯季NO2--N含量接近.洪、枯季长江口ρ(PO43-P)平均值分别为0.014和0.016 mg/L,接近国家海水一类标准.洪、枯季N3--N和PO3-4P含量均是由长江口内向口外近海逐渐降低,而NH4+-N含量则表现出相反的空间分布规律,即口外高于口内.通过计算长江口营养盐比值发现,枯季长江口氮、磷供应充分,不存在磷受限的情况,而洪季长江口水体受到磷的限制.      

皖南低山丘陵地区流域氮磷径流输出特征

通过对安徽南部宣城地区梅村小流域的定位监测,研究了该小流域地表径流中氮磷输出特征。结果表明:氮输出以NO-3N为主,占氮素输出总量的60%,磷输出以悬浮颗粒结合态磷(PAP)为主,占磷输出总量的92%;各类形态氮素输出量间存在极显著线性正相关关系;PAP随悬浮颗粒输出量的增加而增加,PAP与水溶性磷(DP)输出量间存在着极显著的对数关系;氮磷输出具有明显的季节性变化规律,夏季输出量最大,其次是春季,再次是秋季,冬季最少,这是由降雨量的季节性变化所引起的。而且暴雨对氮磷输出的贡献率极大,因此控制雨季土壤侵蚀是有效控制氮磷通过径流输出的最重要方式。     

洪泽湖富营养化与环境理化因子间的关系

利用淮安市环境监测中心站1998年—2000年洪泽湖水质监测资料，以洪泽湖水体最能表征营养化状态进程的叶绿素a为基准因子，分析了洪泽湖水质富营养化的原因。通过QBASIC多元逐步回归分析，得出洪泽湖水质富营养化的主控因子是悬浮物、透明度，总磷是富营养化的潜在限制性营养盐。     

On the amount of counterpart assistance to be provided after natural disasters: from the perspective of indirect economic loss assessment

China’s counterpart assistance policy is of vital importance in providing guidance for emergency management and post-disaster reconstruction. However, the amount of assistance that partner provinces should provide as well as the criteria that partners should abide by in offering counterpart assistance remain a main challenge. The goal of this research is to fill this gap by proposing a new framework consisting of an interregional input–output (IRIO) model and a resilience index. Subsequently, the indirect economic loss is obtained by utilizing the index system of provincial economic resilience assessments, with measures of indirect economic loss developed from the IRIO. Furthermore, to examine the internal validity and systematic error, the reliability of the adopted models, the calculation methods, and the index systems are investigated. To assess the external validity of the proposed measures and resilience index of the framework, data from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake are applied for estimating parameter values of the framework, and a follow-up investigation was conducted for examining the fairness and enhanced effectiveness of the new counterpart assistance criteria. In summary, this paper attempts to present some new ideas about the analysis of economic motivations of mutual aid and the improvement of the counterpart assistance policy.     

Farm‐level Economic and Water Quality Impacts of Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan Implementation in the Ohio River Basin

In this article, we provide an assessment of comprehensive nutrient management plans (CNMPs) as a tool for addressing nonpoint nutrient and sediment losses from the animal feeding operations (AFOs) in the Ohio River Basin. We employ a macro modeling system to determine the aggregate economic and water quality impacts of CNMP implementation on AFOs in the entire basin. Results of the study indicate that implementing CNMPs on AFOs will help reduce sediment and organic nutrient losses from their current levels at moderate cost. The flexibility inherent in CNMP designs means farmers may be able to achieve water quality and other conservation goals at less cost with CNMPs than with other less flexible policy options.     

三峡水库泄水期香溪河库湾营养盐动态及干流逆向影响

为了研究水库干流对支流库湾营养盐动态的影响,于2009年春季三峡水库汛前泄水期,通过监测分析了库湾水流特点及叶绿素a、总氮、总磷和溶解性硅酸盐的时空动态。研究发现:三峡水库汛前泄水期,库湾水体表现为分层异向流动,干流水体以异重流形式倒灌入库湾;特定的水流特性为泄水期库湾营养物质运移提供了水动力基础,水库干流对库湾营养盐的补给及水华暴发范围有明显逆向作用;受干流影响,氮和硅自河口至回水末端呈递减趋势,磷主要受上游来水影响,空间分布趋势与氮、硅相反;叶绿素a浓度峰值向上游移动,水华范围向上游收缩,河口处叶绿素a浓度的时间均值明显低于回水末端,表明三峡水库泄水期香溪河库湾下游水体水华受到干流逆向影响的抑制。