长江口及邻近海域表层沉积物中营养元素的分布特征及其控制因素

对2003年6月采集的长江口及邻近海域的24个表层沉积物样品进行分析,分别得到C、N、P三种营养元素的三种形态的含量,并由此得到不同形态营养元素的平面分布及其在总量中所占的份额,即IC、IP为C、P的优势形态,而ON为N的优势形态。在此基础上,进一步分析了影响不同营养元素分布的因素,得出上覆水体的温度、沉积物粒度以及水动力条件等对沉积物中营养元素的分布具有重要影响。     

不同碳源对生物反硝化的影响

在悬浮污泥系统中,当ｐＨ、温度适宜,碳源无限制并采用单一类碳源时,反硝化速率和耗碳速率动力学呈零级反应。混合挥发性脂肪酸碳源的反硝化速率比组成它的单一脂肪酸的反硝化速率高。挥发性脂肪酸中,乙酸的反硝化速率最高。挥发酸的反硝化速率比相应的醇类为高。本文还讨论了降低反硝化系统碳源消耗、减少处理成本的方法。     

广州市移动源现状及其污染控制管理对策

通过对广州市机动车辆构成状况和发展趋势、车流变化与氮氧化物变化关系以及各类车型污染排放分担率的分析,结果表明:在排放污染物的移动源中,小型车(出租车及其他小型车)和摩托车是一氧化碳、碳氢化合物的主要排放源;公共汽车等大型车是氮氧化物的主要排放源之一。并提出对广州市机动车污染控制应着重控制摩托车、小型车(特别是轿车,包括出租车)、公共汽车的污染排放。      

南黄海营养盐的垂直分布特性及其垂向输运规律

根据“中韩黄海水循环动力学合作研究”项目１９９６～１９９８年６个航次的调查资料，对南黄海营养盐的垂直分布特征及其垂向输运规律进行了初步探讨。结果表明：（１）南黄海中北部（３４～３７°Ｎ），除冬季营养盐呈垂直均匀分布外，其他季节在远岸海域则呈现明显的层化现象，且在某些海域营养盐等值线呈上凸趋势或呈马鞍形分布，这与生物活动和黄海冷水团及其垂直环流有关；在近岸浅水区，营养盐基本呈垂直均匀分布。（２）南黄海南部（３４°Ｎ以南）：西侧浅水区（水深＜４０ｍ），营养盐基本呈垂直均匀分布且含量很高；东侧深水区，冬、春季营养盐垂直分布均匀且含量较低，夏、秋季时由于来自东海北部的冷水沿坡爬升，营养盐等值线呈极明显的上凸趋势。     

不同量子化学算法在多环芳烃光解行为定量结构-性质关系(QSPR)中的应用

以采用MINDO/3、MNDO和AMI算法计算的17种多环芳烃（PAHs）的前线分子轨道能为分子结构参数,进行了这些PAHs光解速率常数的定量结构－性质相关（QSPR）的研究,并与基于PM3算法得到的QSPR模型进行了比较,研究结果表明,应用PM3算法得到的前线分子轨道能进行这些PAHs光解速率常数QSPR拟合的结果最好,其次是AMI算法,而MINDO/3和MNDO算法得到的结果较差。     

大别山超高压变质杂岩的折返

作为世界上规模最大的一个超高压变质带，大别山超高压变质杂岩是扬子板块 与中朝板块在三叠纪碰撞造山的产物，表现为扬子板块呈北北东向斜向俯冲到中朝板块之下。 超高压变质杂岩的折返机制是个复杂的动力学过程，折返速率也随时间推移而变慢。早期阶段 （三叠纪－早侏罗纪）同碰撞期浮力驱动下高压－超高压变质杂岩在俯冲带内沿道冲－韧性剪 切断裂快速挤侵（ｅｘｔｒｕｓｉｏ）到地壳层位，折返速率高达４ｍｍ／年；中期伴随着巨厚造山带山根的 拆沉，上部发生拉张塌陷，使超高压变质杂岩进一步减压，但折返速率缓慢，～(４０)Ａｒ／~(３９)Ａｒ年代学显 示１１７Ｍａ前它们仍处在地壳的较深部；晚期伴随着晚侏罗－早白垩纪花岗质岩浆的上升侵位， 超高压变质杂岩进一步抬升，同时低角度正断层发育，此阶段的折返机制类似于变质核杂岩模 型。整个折返过程中剥蚀一直在起作用。     

Integrated nutrient management and waste recycling for restoring soil fertility and productivity in Japanese mint and mustard sequence in Uttar Pradesh, India

Supplementing the nutrient requirement of crops through organic manures plays a key role in sustaining soil fertility, and crop productivity and reducing use of fossil fuels. Field experiments were conducted for 2 years at two different locations (i.e. Lucknow and Pantnagar) in Uttar Pradesh, India. The objectives of the study were to assess the herb and essential oil yields of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis cv. Hy 77), and its nutrient accumulation under single and combined applications of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers (NPK). Changes in physical and chemical characteristics of the soils (Fluvisols, Mollisols) were also determined. Eight treatments comprising different combinations of NPK through inorganic fertilizers and farm yard manure (FYM) were compared. The distilled waste of mint after extraction of essential oil was recycled to soils in the plots to supplement the nutritional requirement of the succeeding mustard crop (Brassica juncea cv. Pusa Bold). Herb and essential oil yield of mint were significantly higher with combined application of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients as compared to single applications. Accumulation of N and P was at par under full inorganic and combined supply whereas, K accumulation was higher with the former. Soil organic C and pH after harvest of mint did not significantly differ among the treatments, but the level of mineralizable N, Olsen-P and NH₄OAc extractable K were higher in soil with integrated supply of nutrients. Significant increase in soil water stable aggregates, organic C, available NPK and microbial biomass, and decrease in soil bulk density were observed with waste recycling over fertilizer application. These benefits were reflected in the seed and stubble yield of mustard which succeeded mint. This study indicates that combined application of inorganic fertilizers with organics helps in increasing the availability of nutrients and crop yield and provides a significant effect to the succeeding crop. Similarly, recycling crop residues reduces the need for fossil fuel based fertilizer, and helps in sustaining and restoring soil fertility in terms of available nutrients and major physical and chemical characteristics of the soil.     

曝气生物滤池处理啤酒废水的研究

曝气物滤池使用了新型的粒状填料,能同时发挥生物降解,过滤和吸附等多种功能。实验结果表明：曝气生物滤池处理啤酒废水效果较好,当ＣＯＤ容积负荷为１０ｋｇ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）时,在０．８ｍ／ｈ、１．４ｍ／ｈ和２．５ｍ／ｈ３种不同水力负荷下ＣＯＤ的出水度分别在５９ｍｇ／Ｌ、８２ｍｇ／Ｌ和５１ｍｇ／Ｌ以下;     

长光路傅立叶变换红外光谱技术研究氯氟烃替代物与氢氧自由基反应速率常数

利用长光路傅立叶变换红外光谱技术（LP－FTIR）,用相对速率方法研究大气中氯氟烃替代物HFC152a（CHF₂CH₃）和HCFC22（CHClF₂）与OH自由基反应速率常数,用紫外光照射O₃和H₂O的方法产生OH自由基。实验测定了700Tor大气压力和常温（298±2k）下的反应速率常数值：k（HFCl52a＋OH）＝（2.90±0.09）×10^－14cm₃·molecule^－1．S^－1,k（HCFC22＋OH）＝（3.80±0.24）×10^－15cm3．Molecule^－1．S^－1,统计误差为2σ