攀西地区果树资源开发研究

攀西地区光热资源丰富，集南北果树于一地。从商品化、规模化的要求出发，规划，构建该区果树树种的合理布局和良种结构，培养发展果品市场和技术市场是攀西地区果品上新台阶的重要途径。     

REGIONAL APPLICATION OF AN APPROXIMATE STREAMFLOW PARTITIONING METHOD1

ABSTRACT: The approximate streamflow partitioning method which uses daily rainfall and streamfiow data was applied in Coastal Plain, Coastal Flatwoods, and Southern Piedmont physiographic regions for estimation of the surface and subsurface flow components of total streainflow. Sizes of the watersheds ranged from 9.6 km² to 1,030 km. Although the streamflow partitioning method was developed and tested on the Coastal Plain physiographic region, results indicate that the procedure can be applied to other physiographic regions where available data are limited to daily values. The effect of channelization on the partitioned flow components in the Coastal Plain and Coastal Flatwoods physiographic areas was also examined. While channelization was found to decrease the storm-time base, it had no significant effect on the relative percentages of the partitioned flow components.     

Trends of changes in the floristic composition of forest vegetation in the northern Baikal region upon climate warming

Parameters characterizing the activity of species in altitudinal zonal elements of the flora have been analyzed in the northern Baikal region. The results provide evidence for the weakening status of xerophilic species in the cenoflora of hemiboreal light coniferous forests of the class Rhytidio-Laricetea, which form the lower part of the forest belt bordering the steppe. This fact indicates that climate on the slopes of mountain ridges is becoming more humid. The increase in humidity may be explained by both progressing degradation of permafrost and increasing precipitation. On the other hand, no significant change has been observed in the cenoflora of mountain taiga forests of the class Vaccinio-Piceetea, which form the upper part of the forest belt.     

晋冀鲁豫地区的干旱及干旱对农业影响的研究

本文分析了晋冀鲁豫地区近500年来的干旱和干旱对农业的影响,讨论了农业抗旱对策制定所需考虑的降水指标。     

区际生态补偿机制是区域间协调发展的关键

环境问题和环境资源关系已成为重要的区际社会关系和社会矛盾，极大的影响和抑制区域协调发展，首先探讨区际环境问题和环境关系的成因、类型、数量动态、时空演变格局；独创性的剖析区际环境关系、区际环境问题难以解决的深刻根原。深入研究区际生态补偿作用和影响，指明缺乏补偿是江河上游与下游地区间矛盾产生的重要原因，也是环境问题难以解决的重要原因。指出区际生态补偿体系应由政策法律制订机构、补偿计算机构、补偿征收管理机构等组成；同时着重研究计算策略思路、计算方法、计算过程、计算结果表达等生态补偿计算有关问题；分析建立区际生态补偿机制在环境资源管理体制、绿色国民经济核算体系（转移支付制度）、环境影响数量技术、环境问题争端协调等面临的诸多困难。     

长江汉口边滩防洪及环境综合治理的研究

武汉市国管院批准的防洪重点城市，长江武汉河段是重点治理河段之一。该河段河道演变复杂，洲滩冲淤，是影响主流，航道变迁及汛期泄洪。左岸汉口边滩上密集的房屋，杂乱无序，成为行洪障碍及污染污染源，破坏环境及景观。市政府决定实施防洪及环境综合治理，该工程属省，部级重大科研项目。从定，动床河工模型试验及环境保护进行分析研究。定床试验，研究工程实施后，本河段的水位，流速，流态及天兴洲左右汊分流比的变化；动床试验，研究在不同典型水文年条件下的河势，河道冲淤变化及疏浚区的回淤回，为治理方案的优化比选及工程决策提供科学依据。这是长江干流滨江城市河道整治的先声，是城市规划建设中环境保护工程实施的首例，意义非常和重大。     

河西走廊地区农垦企业的地域发展特征与问题诊断

河西走廊地区的农垦企业对当地经济的发展起到了示范、带动和辐射作用，是拉动当地经济发展的一驾马车。本文通过对农垦企业的典型调查。分析了政策因素、农业资源条件和运费因素对农垦布局的影响，并讨论了农垦企业的发展特征。重点阐述了农垦企业的发展中存在的问题，主要包括不合理的产业结构、实现产业化经营的难度、企业办社会造成了沉重的社会负担、过高的企业负债率、人才结构不合理、未享受到正常的国民待遇以及与所在区域难以实现协调发展。基于上述分析，提出了协调农垦企业与区域经济发展的合理机制。     

Response of runoff and soil loss to reforestation and rainfall type in red soil region of southern China

To evaluate the long-term effects of reforestation types on soil erosion on degraded land, vegetation and soil properties under conventional sloping farmland (CSF) and three different reforestation types including a Pinus massoniana secondary forest (PSF), an Eucommia ulmoides artificial economic forest (EEF) and a natural succession type forest (NST), were investigated at runoff plot scale over a six-year period in a red soil region of southern China. One hundred and thirty erosive rainfall events generating runoff in plots were grouped into four rainfall types by means of K-mean clustering method. Erosive rainfall type I is the dominant rainfall type. The amount of runoff and the soil loss under erosive rainfall type III were the most, followed by rain-fall type II, IV and I. Compared with CSF treatment, reforestation treatments decreased the average annual runoff depth and the soil loss by 25.5%–61.8% and 93.9%– 96.2% during the study period respectively. Meanwhile, runoff depth at PSF and EEF treatments was significantly lower than that in NST treatment, but no significant difference existed in soil erosion modulus among the three reforestation treatments. This is mainly due to the improved vegetation properties (i.e., vegetation coverage, biomass of above- and below-ground and litter-fall mass) and soil properties (i.e., bulk density, total porosity, infiltration rate and organic carbon content) in the three reforestation treatments compared to CSF treatment. The PSF and EEF are recommended as the preferred reforestation types to control runoff and soil erosion in the red soil region of southern China, with the NST potentially being used as an important supplement.     

区域水污染源在线监测监控系统的建立及其运维保障

建立区域水污染源在线监测监控系统在实施区域水污染源总量控制中具有重要作用,区域监控中心与各污染源在线监测站点组成了系统的基本构架,对系统进行有效维护,建立良好的运维保障体系,是建设区域水污染源在线监测监控系统并保障其正常运行的基本保证。     

CBERS-1卫星在岫岩地区环境监测中的应用评价

通过在岫岩地区环境变化卫星遥感监控系统的典型研究中采用的CBERS-1数据,对图像数据的质量、图像信息的处理方法和专业应用潜力进行评价,评估不同波段数据的应用效果。