Fiji, land of tropical cyclones and hurricanes: A case study of agricultural rehabilitation

Tropical cyclones and hurricanes have a severe impact on the social and economic activities of affected communities. For small island nations in the Pacific region, the effects can be devastating because of their smallness. FQi and several other countries in the region are vulnerable to such disasters as they are situated in the zone where cyclones occur frequently.
During the last decade, the frequency of natural disasters and their adverse impact on die economic and social development of small nations like Fiji, has aroused awareness mat relief efforts must go beyond immediate "mopping up" operations to those which contribute to attaining longer term benefits through reconstruction and rehabilitation.
The paper outlines the 1985 agricultural rehabilitation program and discusses related issues and problems.     

北京地区未来地震中各种类型建筑可能造成的人员死亡率

地震房屋倒塌率CR和地震死亡率FR存在一定的关系,据此,本文研究计算得到了北京地区在未来地震中各类建筑可能造成的人员死亡率FR.     

SELECTION OF WASTE DISPOSAL SITES USING GIS1

ABSTRACT: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology is used to identify candidate sites for a solid waste disposal facility in the Gölbasi region of Turkey that has suffered from the negative impact of a current but poorly-located open-dump site on the environment. The municipality of Gölbasi has noticed its deleterious effect on the environment, and has thus decided to dismiss this open-dump site and search for new landfill sites. In this study, the procedure followed under a GIS framework rejects the unacceptable sites considering environmental factors exclusively, other than economic and political issues, contained in the form of multiple layers of attribute information to select the candidate sites for landfilling wastes through an overlay analysis performed by GIS software, ARC/INFO V 7.1. For the spatial data requirements of GIS, a number of thematic map layers (ground water, wetlands and swamp areas, surface water, roads, topographic contours, ecological features, settlements, erosion susceptibility zones, and soil type) are prepared in digital form. In this application, GIS is considered as a screening tool in a site selection process to narrow the number of candidate sites, subsequently leading to one or more sites for detailed investigation. Preliminary ranking for a group of potential sites is done on the basis of simple calculations coupled with on-site field studies.     

陕西关中近40年春季旱涝分析

对关中近４０ａ６站３～４月降水量进行了标准旱涝等级分析和谐波分析，得出风调雨顺年份少，旱涝年份多，有２～３ａ及２０ａ的显著周期。研究发现埃尔尼诺、太阳黑子相对数、西太平洋副高综合指数与旱涝变化规律有很好的对应关系，并有很高的相关系数。     

河南省贫困地区的鳝鱼生态工程

人工养殖鳝鱼有着非常广阔的前途,利用生态工程技术对鳝鱼进行生态养殖是提高养鳝成功率的有效途径之一。河南省贫困地区发展鳝鱼生产有着独特的资源优势和经济优势,因地制宜地进行鳝鱼生态工程建设对贫困地区脱贫致富和发展河南省鳝鱼生产有着重要的意义。     

天津市滨海地区综合防灾减灾的策略研究

分析了天津市滨海地区历史自然灾害的历史和特点，预测了该地区未来一段时间和最近1－2年可能发生的主要自然灾害，提出了本区综合防灾减灾的策略和目标，为该区综合防灾减灾规划的制订提供了依据。     

安徽"两山一湖"区域生态不稳定因素辨识及其对策

通过对“两山一湖“区域生态系统的分析,认识到影响该区域生态不稳定的主要因素是人类活动对野生动植物栖息地的破坏、毁林垦种、外来物种入侵、森林火灾等;提出了保护森林资源、调整土地利用结构、实行退耕还林、推广水流域综合治理、加强物种保护、预防松材线虫病和森林火灾、建立以森林为主体的生态安全保障体系.     

rs双区异常与强震中短期预报

本文根据组合模式原理提出了一种用小震调制比（ｒｍ）异常区出现高频次的空间异常图，进行强地震中短期预报的方法，简称ｒｓ法。该方法在预报强震地点和时间上可望取得较好效果。本文在介绍该方法的基础上，应用该法对３次７级以上大震进行了回顾性检验。     

西南地区的大气灾害及其时空变化规律

本地区为季风型、山地型和中纬多灾型的混合型多灾区，有七类３２种大气灾害、五类２８种大气灾链。在本区，受灾的面积和人口、死人、经济损失和灾种之最，皆推大气灾害，尤以旱灾类最重，其次是暴雨类。从主导的灾害类型、类、种的角度，将本地区划分成２大区、９区、１２亚区和５小区。近５００年来，大旱、大涝平均每２２．２年发生一次。     

Social-environmental certification: Sustainable development and competitiveness in the mineral industry of the Brazilian Amazon

This article examines the relationship between increased metal mining and sustainable development in the eastern section of the Amazonian state of Pará in Brazil. Since the early 1980s, mining has grown rapidly in Pará and local mining operations have become global leaders in the production of iron, manganese, bauxite, aluminum, gold, copper and — in the near future — nickel. To stay in tune with global standards, these companies have committed themselves to the principles of sustainability and have obtained certification for both social and environmental aspects of their activities. The article looks into whether such certification is linked to sustainable development of the relatively poor regions where these companies operate. The main findings are that: (1) there is a visible association between certification and improved performance by the companies, but not with the development of nearby areas; and (2) social‐environmental certification processes place more emphasis on ecological variables than on social ones.