Phytoremediation of urban wastewater by model wetlands with ornamental hydrophytes

Phytoremediation offers a cost-effective,non-intrusive,and safe alternative to conventional cleanup techniques.In this study,we used ornamental hydrophytes plants as constructed wetlands to treat urban or rural domestic wastewater.Most ornamental hydrophytes adapted to the wastewater well,and were fairly efficient in scavenging BOD_5(biological oxygen demand 5 d),COD(chemical oxygen demand),TN(total nitrogen),TP(total phosphorus)and heavy metals(Cr,Pb,Cd)in the wastewater.However,the efficiency varied a lot for various species to different contaminants,Iris pseudacorus L.and Acorus gramineus Soland were good choices for treatment of composite-polluted urban wastewater.Some variation in the change of membrane peroxidation and endogenous protective system in responses to wastewater was found among six hydrophytes,which have a correlation with the efficiency of wastewater treatment.It may demonstrate that the developed antioxidative systems of I.pseudacorus and A.gramineus contributed much to their superiority. On the other hand,interaction of different components in the wastewater might have certain effects on phytoremediation.     

香港大气气溶胶组成与特征

选用香港空气质量监测网中11个监测站1990～1994年间TSP（总悬浮粒子）和RSP（可吸入悬浮粒子）的监测数据,分析香港大气气溶胶的化学组成与时空变化。香港大气气溶胶的浓度较低,其浓度的季节变化主要受气候变化的影响。C是大气气溶胶中最重要的化学成分,它支配着气溶胶的季节和空间变化。SO^2-₄、NH⁺₄和NO^-₃的浓度很低,空间分布很均匀,其季节变化主要受东亚季风控制。海洋气溶胶主要以较大的颗粒形式存在,它的来源稳定且空间分布较均匀。扬尘浓度主要受降雨和湿度的影响。V和Ni浓度的季节变化与燃料油消耗量的季节变化相同,其空间的变化反映了当地工业窑炉排放对香港气溶胶的影响     

Chemical characterization of size-resolved aerosols in four seasons and hazy days in the megacity Beijing of China

Size-resolved aerosol samples were collected by MOUDI in four seasons in 2007 in Beijing. The PM₁₀ and PM_1.8 mass concentrations were 166.0 ± 120.5 and 91.6 ± 69.7 μg/m³, respectively, throughout the measurement, with seasonal variation: nearly two times higher in autumn than in summer and spring. Serious fine particle pollution occurred in winter with the PM_1.8/PM₁₀ ratio of 0.63, which was higher than other seasons. The size distribution of PM showed obvious seasonal and diurnal variation, with a smaller fine mode peak in spring and in the daytime. OM (organic matter = 1.6 × OC (organic carbon)) and SIA (secondary inorganic aerosol) were major components of fine particles, while OM, SIA and Ca^2 + were major components in coarse particles. Moreover, secondary components, mainly SOA (secondary organic aerosol) and SIA, accounted for 46%–96% of each size bin in fine particles, which meant that secondary pollution existed all year. Sulfates and nitrates, primarily in the form of (NH₄)₂SO₄, NH₄NO₃, CaSO₄, Na₂SO₄ and K₂SO₄, calculated by the model ISORROPIA II, were major components of the solid phase in fine particles. The PM concentration and size distribution were similar in the four seasons on non-haze days, while large differences occurred on haze days, which indicated seasonal variation of PM concentration and size distribution were dominated by haze days. The SIA concentrations and fractions of nearly all size bins were higher on haze days than on non-haze days, which was attributed to heterogeneous aqueous reactions on haze days in the four seasons.     

天津市春季样方法道路扬尘碳组分特征及来源分析

为研究天津市春季道路扬尘PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)中碳组分特征及来源,于2015年4月用样方法采集天津市道路扬尘样品,利用再悬浮采样器将样品悬浮到滤膜上,经热光碳分析仪测定有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC),利用非参数检验、OC/EC比值分析、相关分析及聚类分析对其污染特征和来源进行探讨.结果表明,PM_(2.5)中ω(TC)为4. 89%(次干道)～18. 83%(快速路),ω(OC)为3. 57%(次干道)～15. 39%(快速路),ω(EC)为1. 32%(次干道)～3. 44%(快速路); PM_(10)中ω(TC)为8. 14%(次干道)～19. 71%(快速路),ω(OC)为5. 91%(次干道)～16. 28%(快速路),ω(EC)为1. 96%(主干道)～3. 43%(快速路);快速路中各碳组分质量分数均较高,次干道中各碳组分质量分数均较低,可能是由于快速路中车流量较大,机动车尾气排放量较大,而次干道车流量较小;各类型道路中ω(OC)明显大于ω(EC),ω(EC)在不同道路类型中差异不大;两相关样本非参数检验表明,各碳组分质量分数在PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)间均无显著性差异;相关性分析表明道路扬尘中OC、EC来源大致相同.通过OC/EC比值分析及聚类分析可知,天津市春季道路扬尘中碳组分主要来源于燃煤、机动车尾气以及生物质燃烧.     

Identification of causative compounds and microorganisms for musty odor occurrence in the Huangpu River, China

There are regular problems of musty odor in the Huangpu River,a major source of drinking water for Shanghai,China.In this study,the musty odor and its main causative compounds in the Huangpu River source water were confirmed through a yearly investigation using flavor profile analysis combined with HSPME-GC-MS analysis.The investigation showed that 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) with a concentration level between 28.6 and 71.0 ng/L was responsible for the musty odor in summer from July to September.Microscopic observation confirmed with the cloning results showed that Phormidium spp.,which accounted for 80%-95% of the algal cell density,was the microorganisms responsible for the production of 2-MIB and the estimated 2-MIB yield was 0.022 pg/cell.Results from a wide-area sampling campaign in the Huangpu River watershed showed that,other than the large tributaries receiving water from Tai Lake,several small creeks close to the intake may have contributed most of the 2-MIB and the Phormidium spp.to the Huangpu River source water.This study provides methodology for the investigation of odor causing compounds and microorganisms in river-type source water,and the result will be useful for water quality control in both source water and drinking water.     

Characteristics of indoor/outdoor PM2.5 and elemental components in generic urban, roadside and industrial plant areas of Guangzhou City, China

Quantitative information on mass concentrations and other characteristics, such as spatial distribution, seasonal variation, indoor/outdoor （I/O） ratio, correlations and sources, of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and elemental components in Guangzhou City were provided. Mass concentration of PM2.5 and elemental components were determined by standard weight method and proton-induced X-ray emission （PIXE） method. 18 elements were detected, the results showed positive results. Average indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations in nine sites were in the range of 67.7-74.5μg/m^3 for summer period, and 109.9-123.7 μg/m^3 for winter period, respectively. The sum of 18 elements average concentrations were 5362.6-5533.4 ng/m^3 for summer period, and 8416.8-8900.6 ng/m^3 for winter period, respectively. Average concentrations of PM2.5 and element components showed obvious spatial characteristic, that the concentrations in roadside area and in industrial plant area were higher than those in generic urban area. An obvious seasonal variation characteristic was found for PM2.5 and elemental components, that the concentrations in winter were higher than that in summer. The I/O ratio of PM2.5 and some elemental components presented larger than 1 sometimes. According to indoor/outdoor correlation of PM2.5 and element concentrations, it was found that there were often good relationships between indoor and outdoor concentrations. Enrichment factors were calculated to evaluate anthropogenic versus natural elements sources.     

伊犁河谷核心区春季PM2.5组分特征及来源解析

为研究伊犁河谷核心区春季大气细颗粒物(PM_2.5)中无机元素、水溶性离子和碳组分特征和来源,于2021年4月20～29日在伊犁河谷核心区布设6个环境采样点,对PM_2.5中水溶性离子、无机元素和碳组分等51种化学组分进行分析,并使用化学质量平衡(CMB)模型对其来源进行解析.结果表明,采样期间ρ(PM_2.5)变化范围介于9～35μg·m^-3.Si、 Ca、 Al、 Na、 Mg、 Fe和K等地壳元素占比较高,占PM_2.5的12%,表明春季PM_2.5受到明显的扬尘源的影响.富集因子结果表明,Zn、 Ni、 Cr、 Pb、 Cu和As元素主要来源于化石燃料燃烧和机动车排放.元素组分的空间分布特征受采样点周边环境的影响,新政府片区受燃煤源的影响较大,故As浓度较高,伊宁市局和第二水厂受机动车影响较大,Sb和Sn浓度较高.PM_2.5中9种水溶性离子(WSIIs)的浓度占PM_2.5的33.2%,其中ρ(SO^2-     

污泥直接干化尾气中恶臭污染物质重要性评价:以指标权重评分法为例

利用水泥窑协同处置污泥可同时实现污泥的无害化、减量化和资源化.水泥回转窑处置污泥时须先对污泥进行干化使其含水率达到要求.污泥受热干化时会释放恶臭物质,易引发恶臭污染,对周围环境和居民生活造成影响.以污泥直接干化产生的尾气为对象,基于目前国内外恶臭污染相关规定,综合考虑污泥直接干化产生的尾气中物质浓度、嗅阈值、阈限值、气味安全级别以及饱和蒸气压,通过指标权重评分方法筛选出污泥直接干化产生尾气中的主要恶臭污染物.以恶臭污染潜力为评价目标,风险指标和臭气排放强度为评价指标,通过韦伯-费希纳定律构建污泥直接干化产生尾气的恶臭污染潜力分级评价模型,形成适合污泥直接干化产生尾气的恶臭污染潜力分级评价方法.     

高锰酸钾氧化水中乙硫醇的动力学研究

研究了高锰酸钾氧化水中乙硫醇的动力学规律,并考察了高锰酸钾在原水混凝条件下对原水中乙硫醇的去除效果.结果表明,高锰酸钾对乙硫醇的氧化去除效果非常明显,去除率可达到90%以上;高锰酸钾对乙硫醇的氧化过程符合二级反应动力学模型;在高锰酸钾过量的情况下,氧化反应的伪一级动力学常数k'=0.025·[KMnO4]-0.008,再根据所用初始高锰酸钾浓度,得到了二级反应的动力学常数k=0.025 L(min·mg).高锰酸钾在原水混凝条件下对乙硫醇的去除效果劣于纯水条件下的去除效果,在水中其它有机物与高锰酸钾反应条件下高锰酸钾浓度变化的拟合结果与实际情况存在偏差,是产生差异的主要原因.     

Investigation of factors on a fungal biofilter to treat waste gas with ethyl mercaptan

IntroductionOff gasescontainingVOCandodorsmaydogreatharmtoenvironmentandpeople’shealth .Therearemanymethodsfortreatingthem ,suchasphysicalmethods ,chemicalmethodsandbiologicalmethods.Biologicalmethodsarewidelyappliedintheprocessofoff gasespurificationfor…