Distribution of Alkalinity, Ph, Salinity and Carbon Dioxide Components in the Coastal Waters of Alexandria

The ara studied is located between El-Dikheila Harbour in Elmex Bay and Mandara, at longitude 29° 47' and 30° East and latitude 31° 17' North. the aim of the work is to look at carbon dioxide components in this areA and the effect of waste water discharged on their concentrations. Surface and bottom water samples were collected from 12 stations during January, April, August and November, 1995. Total alkalinity, salinity, temperature and pH were measured. Carbonate alkalinity, total alkalinity, partial pressure and dissolved carbon dioxide, carbonate and bicarbonate ions were calculated, since the studied area includes two differetn sources of pollution. It wAs found conventient to refer El-Mex Bay as region “A” which contains stations from I to VI and the area located between Kayet Bey outfall and Mandara which contains stations from VII to XII as region “B”. When specific alkalinity is used As A tracer for El-Umum drain water it is observed that the drain water could reach Sidi Bishr area especially in August and November, while in January and April drain water did not reach this area.     

我国餐厨废物生化处理设施恶臭排放特征分析

选择目前国内餐厨废物成功进行资源化处理的代表性城市西宁、北京和宁波,分别对其处理处置情况进行调研并设置采样点,采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)对各企业主要恶臭排放工段的恶臭物质进行定性定量分析,采用三点比较式臭袋法对各企业主要恶臭排放工段的臭气浓度进行测试分析.结果表明,餐厨垃圾生化处理企业的排放物质种类主要为醇、醛、酮、酯的含氧烃类,但对恶臭贡献最大的是含硫化合物,其次是萜烯类物质;综合西宁、宁波和北京的调研及分析结果,可初步考虑餐厨垃圾生化处理设施典型恶臭物质为乙醇、柠檬烯、硫化氢、甲硫醇、甲硫醚、二甲二硫醚、乙醛、乙酸乙酯.     

城市黑臭河道夏季产甲烷通量研究——以南宁市朝阳溪为例

利用静态箱法测定城市黑臭河道!南宁市朝阳溪夏季产甲烷通量,结果表明朝阳溪是重要的甲烷排放源,夏季甲烷排放通量平均值为12.2mg/(m2·h),上游、中游、下游排放通量变化不显著。利用偏最小二乘法进行相关性分析可得,甲烷通量与温度、化学需氧量、底泥有机碳呈显著正相关,与溶解氧呈显著负相关,与总氮、氨氮、总磷、pH相关性较小。     

马铃薯加工项目恶臭的环境影响与污染防治措施研究

马铃薯淀粉生产企业排放废水中有机物浓度较高,来源于污水处理站的污水接及处理设施以及污泥处理设备在废水的贮输及生化处理过程中产生恶臭气体,对大气环境及周围居民的日常生活影响较大.通过对污水处理厂产生臭气的构筑物单元及从环评角度对污水处理厂产生恶臭的环境影响评价方法进行研究,同时结合大气防护距离的确定综合评价分析,规定污染防治措施,减少恶臭影响,保护和改善周围的大气环境.     

PM10可替代源成分谱的建立方法及其应用

对收集到的我国35个城市的PM10有效实测源成分谱进行系统聚类,应用系统聚类和方差分析方法,对源成分谱进行聚类和区域的划分.对聚为一类的各城市源成分谱进行主成分分析,所得主成分得分系数作为权重,加权运算建立可替代源成分谱.利用R、CD以及CMB模型解析所得源贡献值的相对误差,评价所建立的可替代源成分谱的合理性及可行性.得到6种污染源的13个可替代源成分谱,煤烟尘与扬尘各三类,土壤风沙尘、钢铁尘与建筑水泥尘各两类,机动车尾气尘一类.煤烟尘与钢铁尘可以直接进行替代;建筑水泥尘不存在明显区域特征;机动车尾气尘由于数据代表性不足,建议采用实测源成分谱;土壤风沙尘与扬尘的替代标准有待进一步的研究.     

Addition of hydrogen peroxide for the simultaneous control of bromate and odor during advanced drinking water treatment using ozone

Complete removal of the characteristic septic/swampy odor from Huangpu River source water could only be achieved under an ozone dose as high as 4.0 mg/L in an ozone-biological activated carbon （O3- BAC） process, which would lead to the production of high concentrations of carcinogenic bromate due to the high bromide content. This study investigated the possibility of simultaneous control of bromate and the septic/swampy odor by adding H2O2 prior to the O3-BAC process for the treatment of Huangpu River water. H2O2 addition could reduce the bromate concentration effectively at an H2O2/O3 （g/g） ratio of 0.5 or higher. At the same time, the septic/swampy odor removal was enhanced by the addition of H2O2, although optimization of the H2O2/O3 ratio was required for each ozone dose. At an ozone dose of 2.0 mg/L, the odor was removed completely at an H2O2/O3 ratio of 0.5. The results indicated that H2O2 application at a suitable dose could enhance the removal of the septic/swampy odor while suppressing the formation of bromate during ozonation of Huangpu River source water.     

厨余垃圾堆肥过程中恶臭物质分析

恶臭污染已成为生活垃圾堆肥过程中的主要环境问题.以大类粗分后的厨余垃圾作为研究对象,利用嗅觉测定法和GC-MS分析了不同阶段堆肥尾气的臭气浓度和恶臭化合物的种类及其排放浓度,并对不同堆肥阶段臭气浓度和恶臭物质排放浓度的相关性进行分析.结果表明,厨余垃圾堆肥过程中共检测到43种挥发性有机物,其中含硫臭气物质5种,烃类化合物22种,芳香烃类化合物11种,其它物质5种.通过相关性分析,发现硫化氢、甲硫醇、1,3-二甲基苯和邻二甲苯与臭气浓度极显著相关(P<0.01),二甲二硫和对二甲苯与臭气浓度显著相关(P<0.05),因此在厨余垃圾堆肥过程中要对这6种臭气物质进行重点监测和控制.     

恶臭调查与监测中若干问题的探讨

随着日益增多的恶臭扰民事件的发生，恶臭的调查和监测工作已经广泛开展。运用嗅觉原理和相对气味强度理论对恶臭污染调查与监测中的一些实际问题进行了解释和探讨，并结合实践经验指出了较为正确的操作方法。     

服装面料选取时难降解成分鉴定分析研究

当前面料中难降解成分对环境造成很大程度污染,在服装面料选取时,为避免难降解面料的使用,提出基于近红外光谱的面料难降解成分鉴定分析方法.通过分析服装面料中难降解成分对环境的影响,提取面料中难降解成分,得出三种成分类型,通过对不同成分造成环境污染程度进行鉴定分析,完成服装面料选取时难降解成分的鉴定.实验结果表明,该方法误差控制在-0.2~0.2范围内,能够准确鉴定出服装面料中难降解成分,为降低环境污染提供了有效帮助.     

FACTORS FOR PREDICTING COMMERCIAL WATER USE1

ABSTRACT: Growth in the commercial sector of the economy and the increased importance of total waste water volumes in design have created a need for methods of estimating commercial water demand. The results of a multiple correlation analysis and a principal components analysis suggest that commercial water demand is a function of the following three primary constructs: an employee water use factor, a customer layout factor, and a customer water facility factor. Three easily measured variables were used to represent these primary constructs: gross store area, length of display windows, and the number of drinking fountains, respectively. Prediction equations relating water use and the three variables were derived and can be used by planners in estimating commercial water use.