2018年春夏季苏北浅滩生物可利用氮分析

根据2018年4、5和6月份苏北浅滩海域的调查数据,分析了该海区生物可利用氮NO₃^--N、NO₂^--N、NH₄⁺-N、尿素和溶解游离氨基酸（DFAA）的浓度及其分布特征,并探讨了早期浒苔绿潮与生物可利用氮的关系.结果表明,NO₃^--N是该海域5种生物可利用氮组分的主体,其浓度为（17.51±10.25）μmol/L,占生物可利用氮组分80%以上,其它依次是尿素、NH₄⁺-N、DFAA和NO₂^--N,浓度分别为（1.54±0.81）,（1.17±0.63）,（0.43±0.15）,（0.27±0.15）μmol/L,浒苔绿潮暴发初期生物可利用氮的平面分布特征整体呈现出明显的近岸高,外海低的趋势,高值区主要集中在近岸养殖业发达海域及河口地区.在浒苔快速增殖阶段,各生物可利用氮组分含量变化幅度较大,其中NO₃^--N含量降低最为明显,浒苔快速增长期的6月份较4月份降幅约40%,NO₃^--N是浒苔绿潮形成和发展的主要氮源.此外,尿素及DFAA浓度也明显降低,也可以作为营养物质被浒苔吸收利用.     

北运河上覆水DOM组分含量特征及对水质的影响

基于三维荧光光谱,紫外-可见光谱技术,对比分析了汛期非汛期北运河通州区域上覆水中溶解性有机物（DOM）的组成、来源及结构特征,建立了上覆水中N和P的含量与DOM组成之间的关系,确定了反映潜在富营养化生态风险的指标.结果表明,北运河通州地区上覆水中DOM含量在9.17~27.78mg/L之间,总体呈现非汛期>汛期,上游>下游,DOM含量时空特征差异显著.汛期DOM分子量与非汛期相比较小,DOM芳香程度汛期低于非汛期;在上游和下游,汛期上覆水DOM A₂₅₃/A₂₀₃大于非汛期.汛期DOM受陆源腐殖质和生物源的共同影响,而非汛期主要受微生物活动的影响.汛期蛋白质类和腐殖质类物质的浓度水平显著低于非汛期,非汛期蛋白质类组分相对占比较多,而汛期腐殖质类组分相对占比较多.在汛期,上覆水DOM中C1、C3、C4组分的最大荧光强度可间接反映北运河富营养化的潜在风险.     

基于绿色管理的区域生态旅游四体管理模式研究

我国生态旅游已蓬勃发展起来,但"重开发,轻管理;重眼前,轻长远"的不良现象仍十分严重,由于管理不当致使生态旅游遭到了严重的损害。对生态旅游进行绿色管理是十分必要的,因为生态旅游和绿色管理的目的是一致的。分析了区域生态旅游绿色管理的特征,从区域生态旅游系统出发,利用绿色管理的理论和方法分别对生态旅游主体、客体、中介体和载体的管理进行了阐述。     

中部六省居民生活水平聚类分析

运用主成分分析方法对我国中部6省2005年居民生活水平进行了评价，提取了3个基本的主成分进行综合评分和排序。按照基于绝对值距离的层次方法进行聚类，并按照居民生活水平的高低将中部6省分为两类地区，湖南省、湖北省、江西省为生活水平较高的地区，安徽省、山西省、河南省为生活水平较低的地区。     

一种成矿溶液活化硫化矿物中成矿组分的理论模拟方法

以成矿组分活化地质理论、金属离子浓度综合平衡方程和硫化物离解平衡方程为基础 ,提出了成矿溶液活化硫化矿物中成矿组分的理论模拟方法。从定量分析的角度 ,为硫化矿物中成矿组分的活化及成矿作用研究中一些不易直接观察到的环节提供了新认识 ,探讨了这一方法的影响因素和精度问题     

太白山自然保护区水体CDOM吸收与三维荧光特征

研究有色溶解有机物（CDOM）组成、光谱特征与影响因素,对了解水体溶解性有机物（DOM）来源、水生态及碳循环过程具有重要意义.2019年夏季在太白山自然保护区山顶湖泊以及霸王河、黑河、石头河与湑水河等5个水体中共采集了71个水样,采用紫外-可见吸收光谱与三维荧光光谱,结合平行因子分析模型与冗余分析进行CDOM光学特性、组成及来源解析.结果表明,保护区湖泊中溶解性有机物含量较少,DOC与CDOM浓度均显著低于4条河流（P<0.05）;水体中CDOM包含2类4种荧光组分,其中类腐殖质组分C1与C2是水体中CDOM主要组成部分,4条河流中类腐殖质组分相对贡献率高达82%~96%,远大于湖泊;所有水体荧光指数FI均大于1.8,自生源指数BIX与新鲜度指数β：α,均为0.6左右;河流水体腐殖化指数HIX显著大于湖泊（P<0.01）;河流DOM主要由保护区林地土壤输入,较少受人类活动影响,而湖泊水体水质受人类活动影响相对较多.冗余分析表明EC对高山湖泊水体CDOM光谱特征参数影响较大（P<0.05）,EC、DTN和DOC对4条河流水体CDOM光谱特征参数影响较大（P<0.01）.     

PREDICTIVE MODELS FOR THE BIOMASS OF BLUE-GREEN ALGAE IN LAKES1

In lakes which experience water quality problems due to the nuisance growth of blue-green algae, summer concentrations of chlorophyll a may not always be a meaningful measure of water quality for making management decisions. Models for the prediction of summer mean blue-green algal biomass were thus developed from data collected from five systems located in North America and Sweden. It is suggested that the model of choice is log BG =?0.142 + 0.596 log TP – 0.963 log Z, where BG is the biomass of blue-green algae (g m^?3), TP is the concentration of total phosphorus (mg m^?3), and Z is the mean depth of the lake (m). When coupled to current loading models, this model can potentially be used to assess the impacts of phosphorus loading reductions on threshold odor in water supplies.     

BASINWIDE WATER-BALANCE MODELING WITH EMPHASIS ON SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF GROUND WATER RECHARGE1

ABSTRACT: A detailed but simple hydrologic budget for the entire Rattlesnake Creek basin (3,768 km²) in south-central Kansas was developed. With this budget, using minimal daily-weather input data and the soil-plant-water system-analysis methodology, we were able to characterize the spatial distribution of the hydrologic components of the water balance within the basin. A combination of classification and meteorological methods resulted in a basinwide integration methodology. Using this methodology, we found that, in addition to obvious climatic controls, soil, vegetation, and land-use factors also exert considerable influence on the water balance of the area. The available-water capacity (AWC) of soil profiles plays a dominant role in soil-water-deficit development and deep drainage. Vegetation and dryland or irrigated farming particularly affect the evapotranspiration (ET) components, with ET from irrigated corn and alfalfa being two to three times that from wheat. Deep drainage from irrigated wheat fields was found to be significantly higher than that from grassland and dryland wheat; deep drainage from alfalfa is practically nonexistent. We demonstrated how vegetation changes may affect components of the hydrologic cycle. We also showed that different portions of the watershed have different water-balance components and that use of single average values of hydrologic variables in management practices may not be realistic.     

IMPACT OF WATERSHED URBANIZATION ON STREAM INSECT COMMUNITIES1

ABSTRACT: The impact of urbanization on stream insect communities was determined by sampling 22 sites in northern Virginia representing a range of human population densities. Watershed development had little effect on the total insect numbers (no./m²), but shifted the taxonomic composition markedly. Relative abundance of Diptera (mainly chironomids) increased at more highly urbanized sites, while most other insect orders including Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Coleoptera (bettles), Megaloptera (dobsonflies), and Plecoptera (stone-flies) decreased. Trichoptera (caddisfiles) exhibited a variable response. Genus diversity and richness (number of genera) were significantly higher in less urbanized streams. Two genera of chironomids were positively correlated with increased urbanization, while 14 other genera (scattered through several orders) were negatively related to human population density. Principal components analysis demonstrated a gradient from more urbanized to less urbanized stations based on generic and order level biological data. Results of this study indicate that watershed urbanization has a major impact on benthic insect communities even in the absence of point source discharges.