厌氧-混凝-高级氧化对转运站污水恶臭处理效果

以总还原硫(TRS)为考察指标,分析了基于厌氧-混凝-高级氧化工艺的中试系统各处理单元对转运站污水中恶臭物质的处理效果。转运站污水中,TRS总量为0.602 mg/L水,而经过厌氧、混凝、高级氧化等处理单元后依次为4.167,3.513,0.168 mg/L水。厌氧对含硫有机物的降解是恶臭物质产生的重要过程,混凝过程对污水恶臭去除作用很小。相比于混凝出水,高级氧化对恶臭物质去除率在95%以上。     

天津市城市垃圾臭气成分谱

为弄清天津市垃圾臭气污染的现状,采用冷阱富集-GC/MS技术测试了不同季节、不同垃圾处理环节臭气的组分和主要组分的含量,摸清了天津市区城市垃圾不同处理环节(收运、中转、填埋、焚烧)不同季节臭气的排放状况,研究了垃圾臭气中恶臭物质与臭气强度的关系,确定出不同垃圾处理环节的臭气主要组分,为有针对性地筛选脱臭技术工艺、科学地管理城市垃圾收运和处理提供了理论依据。     

紫外-可见光谱研究堆肥水溶性有机物不同组分演化特征

按亲疏水-极性不同将鸡粪不同堆肥阶段样品提取出的水溶性有机物（DOM）分成疏水酸性（HOA）、疏水碱性（HOB）、亲水性（HIM）及酸不溶性（AIM）4个组分,通过紫外-可见光谱,选取了14个特征参数,研究了不同组分的组成与演化特征.结果显示：4个组分中AIM腐殖化水平最高,HOA次之,HOB第三,HIM最低;随着堆肥的进行,4个组分中HOB和HIM分子内团聚化程度提高显著,HOA、HOB及AIM的分子量显著增大,AIM及HOA的芳香类物质含量显著增加.相关性分析表明,不同波段面积积分相关性可达极显著水平,S_275-295与多个特征参数相关性达显著或极显著水平,因此,特征S_275-295、A_226-400、A_m/A_s、A_l/A_s及A_l/A_m比其他紫外-可见参数表征有机质腐殖化水平更为精确.     

Book reviews

ACID RAIN, A REVIEW OF THE PHENOMENON IN THE EEC AND EUROPE, by Environmental Resources Limited for the Commission of the European Communities, 159 pages (including a summary, an introduction, findings and conclusions and 13 pages with newest references), 24 figures and 14 tables, stiff paper cover, format 302×212 mm, EUR 8684, ISBN 0 86010 501 6, Graham & Trotman Limited, Sterling House, 66 Wilton Road, London SW1V 1DE, U.K. (1983), £12.50.

STONE DECAY AND CONSERVATION, Atmospheric Pollution, Cleaning, Consolidation and Protection, MATERIAL SCIENCE MONOGRAPHS 11, by Giovanni G. Amoroso and Vasco Fassina, 453 pages (including 301 figures, 72 tables, and a subject index of five pages; references are added to each of the five parts), linen, format 249×174 mm, ISBN 0 444 42146 7, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam and New York (1983) USS 97.75 or Dfl. 230.‐ or SFr. 170.‐

WEATHERING OF POLYMERS, by Anthony Davies and David Sims, Waltham Abbey, Essex, U.K., 294 pages (including 96 figures, 62 tables, an index of 6 pages; and references (mostly from 1972 to 1979, a few newer ones) added to each chapter), linen, format 230×149 mm, ISBN 0 85334 226 1, Applied Science Publishers, London and New York (1983), £35, (plus £1.75 post/packing).     

天津市环境空气恶臭污染状况与典型气态污染物识别

以天津市中心城区和典型工业区为重点调查区域,通过网格法布设40个采样点,共采集不同季节的环境空气样品近1 300个. 采用嗅觉测定法、分光光度法和GC-MS分别测定恶臭感官浓度、NH₃和其他气态污染物的组成及浓度. 结果表明:①天津市环境臭气浓度介于0~90之间,中心城区和工业区臭气浓度水平相当. 夏季臭气浓度<10的样品最多,占总样品量的42%,春季超过85%的样品臭气浓度>20,秋季超过70%的样品臭气浓度>20,说明春、秋两季环境恶臭污染较为严重. ②NH₃是检出率最高的恶臭物质. 天津市夏、秋、春三季ρ(NH₃)平均值分别为0.070、0.058和0.060 mg/m3,各类功能区中居住区和混合区的ρ(NH₃)较高. ③秋季H₂S的检出较为普遍,ρ(H₂S)在0.006 4~0.220 0 mg/m3之间,中心城区和工业区的ρ(H₂S)平均值分别为0.014 0和 0.023 0 mg/m3,最高值出现在工业区. 以物质浓度、嗅阈值和检出率为评估参数,通过分级赋值和多参数综合评分筛选出10种典型气态污染物,分别为NH₃、CS₂、苯、甲苯、间二甲苯、乙苯、1,2,4-三甲苯、乙醇、丙酮和异戊二烯;建立了臭气浓度与这10种污染物浓度的多元线性回归方程,该方程具有良好的统计学意义和相关性(P<0.05,R=0.78),表明这些气态化合物是影响城市空气恶臭感官污染的重要因素.      

挥发性有机物和臭味的生物过滤处理

生物过滤法是一种较新的空气污染控制方法 ,它利用微生物降解或 /转化空气中的挥发性有机物以及硫化氢、氨等恶臭物质。本文主要介绍生物过滤法处理废气的基本原理 ,讨论填料种类、湿度、pH、温度等影响生物过滤法性能参数。同时综述了生物过滤法的应用范围以及对生物过滤法的改进。     

等离子体催化氧化恶臭污染物的试验

尝试用一种等离子体光催化复合技术净化污水处理泵站臭气,研究表明,该种复合技术具有较显著的协同促进效应,通过改变等离子体发生单元与光催化单元的距离以及在两者之间放置去静电网,可消除等离子体单元产生的负电荷对光催化单元的不利影响,进一步提高其复合效应。在此还对这一复合技术产生协同效应的机理进行了分析,并在污水处理泵站实地考查了这种复合技术对臭气的净化效果。     

Metal Contamination in Urban Soils of Coastal Tuscany (Italy)

Urban soils are often contaminated by metals deriving from human activities. Urban polluted soils can affect human health through direct physical contact or through the food chain. The behaviour of metals is affected by chemical and physical soil properties. Heavy metal concentration was determined in some soils of three medium sized towns of coastal Tuscany, Central Italy. Soil samples were collected in roadsides, urban agricultural soils (allotments), playgrounds and public parks. The analysis included total metal content (Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd), and sequential extraction. Lead reached the highest levels in the soils and was higher near roads. In urban agricultural soils and in allotments Cu was present in noticeable quantities (300 mg kg⁻¹). The presence of Cu in urban soils seems to be typical of soils used for a long period as agricultural land, especially vineyards in the area covered by this study. Sequential extraction was performed to evaluate the mobility of the metals and to better understand the impact of the anthropogenic activity on urban sites. In the present study principal components analysis (PCA) is employed to describe the characteristics of urban soils.     

恶臭的研究及官能测定

本文介绍关于恶臭形成、相互作用、强度等研究成果和几种研究方法。推荐一种出色的官能测定法——三点比较式臭袋法,涉及基准臭、人员选择、采样与测定方法、数据处理、官能法控制标准及该法特点等内容。并简述了官能测定的新进展。