Teaching older drivers to navigate GPS technology

Background and objectives: New technologies are being implemented in motor vehicles. One key technology is the electronic navigation system (ENS) that assists the driver in wayfinding, or actually guides the vehicle in higher level automation vehicles. It is unclear how older adults interact with ENSs and the best approach to train older adults to use the devices. The objectives of this study were to explore how older drivers interacted with an ENS while driving on live roadways and how various training approaches impacted older drivers’ ability to accurately enter destinations into the ENS. Research design and methods: In Experiment 1, 80 older drivers navigated unfamiliar routes using an ENS or paper directions and completed a series of ENS destination entry tasks. In Experiment 2, 60 older drivers completed one of three training conditions (ENS video only, ENS video with hands-on training, placebo) to examine the impacts of training on destination entry performance. Results and discussion: Driving performance was aided by the use of the ENS, but many older drivers had difficulty entering destinations into the device (Experiment 1). The combined video with hands-on ENS training resulted in the best overall destination entry performance (Experiment 2). Practical applications: The results suggest older drivers may experience problems entering destinations into ENSs, but training can improve performance. These performance issues may be especially important as more vehicle features require interaction with computer systems to select destinations or other automation related features. Further research is needed to determine how to prepare the next generation of older drivers who will interact with technologies aimed at increasing mobility.     

基于个人数字助理(PDA)的安全管理移动办公信息系统设计

为了提高安全管理效率、有效解决现场决策困难问题以及规范执法程序,设计了以VB.NET作为开发语言、WINCE.NET作为运行环境、SQL作为后台支持数据库的基于PDA的安全管理移动办公信息系统。该系统结合安全管理工作特性和现场安全管理信息需求,充分发挥掌上电脑的便携以及方便用户进行二次开发的优势,构建了安全管理、执法监察、危管通等9个功能模块,并能结合企业版和管理版两种版本的后端支持平台进行数据通讯。应用实践表明,该系统是实现安全管理信息化,提升安全管理水平的重要技术手段。     

Automation of a Hydrodynamic Model of the Delaware Estuary for Rapid Water Quality Simulations of Pollutant Releases

To facilitate the rapid simulation of accidental pollution releases, the Delaware River Basin Commission has developed applications which completely automate data retrieval and processing for the development of a hydrodynamic model input file, as well as running the model. Overnight, every night, the applications retrieve from the internet multiple datasets for constructing freshwater inflow and tidal boundary time series. The hydrodynamic model is run automatically, using the recently written model input file. When no release has occurred, the hydrodynamic output file is not used and is simply overwritten on the following evening, from the updated hydrodynamic model run. Automating the hydrodynamic model portion of the simulation dramatically reduces the time required to simulate the transport of an accidental release to the Delaware Estuary.     

Experimental Investigation on the Removal of Toner Particles from Laser-Printed Office Waste Papers

Abstract

In this work the deinking process was simulated in a small high speed blender of about 2 L capacity. The effects of polyethylene (PE) and wax-coated PE on the removal of toner particles in the pulper slurry has been experimentally investigated. The effect of one commercial surfactant (30% anionic, 5% nonionic) on the toner release efficiency was also studied. The average area of toner particles retained on filter papers were determined using an image analysis system that consists of a high-resolution video camera mounted on an optical polarizing microscope, an image software processor, a Pentium PC, and a high-resolution image monitor. The effect of low density PE on toner detachment from laser-printed standard paper was investigated over a concentration range of 0 –200% PE (relative to paper mass). It is found that PE has a certain capabilty of removing (adsorbing) toner particles. In the second phase of this research work, the effect of wax-coated PE was investigated. It was found that wax-coated PE enhances the removal of toner particles beyond that obtained using only PE. Finally, the effect of a commercial surfactant on the release of toner particles have been investigated over a range of surfactant mass percentage (relative to the paper mass).     

映秀湾水电站水质监测系统设计研究

基于映秀湾水电站河流水质情况,通过研究河流水质浊度及泥沙的海量数据,使用自动在线监测技术,对水质监测系统进行设计.采用自动化与信息化为一体的设计方式,分别对水质自动监测子系统与水质监测分析信息化子系统设计,实现水质浊度数据采集、传输、存储、监视、分析及决策功能,通过对数据实时监视、动态报警和发展趋势分析,为汛期水电站水轮机组及用水设施运行提供信息支撑,提升发电站机组发电运行效率,为泥沙含量较多的水电站提供实时在线监测技术服务.     

Open-plan offices: Task performance and mental workload

Open-plan offices are equipped with barriers such as panels and bookshelves to induce the perception of a private workspace. Despite perceived privacy, irrelevant speech contributes to mental workload, poor performance, stress, and fatigue. Certain dispositional variables related to sustained attention might exacerbate the effects of speech-related noise. This study used a 3 × 3 × 2 mixed factor design to determine the effects of two forms of irrelevant speech and individual differences on performance of a real-world verbal task and mental workload. The Expanded Tellegen Absorption Scale (ETAS) based upon Tellegen and Atkinson's scale was used to assess individual differences in focused attention. The NASA Task Load Index was administered to assess mental workload. Main effects of noise were found on performance and mental workload. Irrelevant speech appeared to increase false alarms and completion rates. Workload ratings were higher in the irrelevant speech conditions. Other differences found were among High and Low Task and Imaginative Absorbers, as measured by the ETAS. Recommendations to reduce the impact of irrelevant speech and future research suggestions are provided.     

关于苏州数字环保移动办公系统的研建

文章着眼于信息化飞速发展的今天,阐述了苏州市环保系统无纸化办公的现状及发展趋势。在现有的办公自动化基础上,架构了一个从保证安全性角度出发的移动办公及执法方案,提出了一项建设环保系统高能效的新一代办公模式,为领导决策、应急响应、高效办公提供了一条新思路。     

What’s in a name? Drivers’ perceptions of the use of five SAE Level 2 driving automation systems

Introduction: Automobile manufacturers are developing increasingly sophisticated driving automation systems. Currently, the highest level of automation available on the market is SAE Level 2, which provides sustained assistance for both lateral and longitudinal vehicle control. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how drivers’ perceptions of what behaviors secondary to driving are safe while a Level 2 system is operating vary by system name. Methods: A nationally representative telephone survey of 2005 drivers was conducted in 2018 with questions about behaviors respondents perceived as safe while a Level 2 driving automation system is in operation. Each respondent was asked about two out of five system names at random for a balanced study design. Results: The name “Autopilot” was associated with the highest likelihood that drivers believed a behavior was safe while in operation, for every behavior measured. There was less variation observed among the other four SAE Level 2 system names when compared with each other. A limited proportion of drivers had experience with advanced driver assistance systems and fewer of these reported driving a vehicle in which Level 2 systems were available. Drivers reported that they would consult a variety of sources for information on how to use a Level 2 system. Conclusions: The names of SAE Level 2 driving automation systems influence drivers’ perceptions of how to use them, and the name “Autopilot” was associated with the strongest effect. While a name alone cannot properly instruct drivers on how to use a system, it is a piece of information and must be considered so that drivers are not misled about the correct usage of these systems. Practical Applications: Manufacturers, suppliers, and organizations regulating or evaluating SAE Level 2 automated driving systems should ensure that systems are named so as not to mislead drivers about their safe use.     

`采煤机负压二次降尘自动化技术实践

介绍一种针对采煤机内外喷雾降尘效果不理想而设计的负压二次降尘技术 ,它实现与作业现场粉尘浓度相适宜的自动运行与停止 ,达到高效节能的目的。     

基于信息融合的智能安全监控自动化系统

介绍了安全监控系统的基本概念、特点以及国内外研究现状,给出了智能安全监控系统的基本结构,包括信息采集、信息处理、信息融合和安全监控报警等模块。构建了综合的智能安全监控自动化系统。智能安全监控自动化系统,是多学科知识融合的产物。对该领域进行深入的研究,必须综合先进的自动控制技术、计算机技术、智能传感器技术、通信技术以及信息处理技术等成果。指出了基于信息融合的智能安全监控系统的几个重要研究方向,即新型智能传感器技术、先进的信息处理与传输技术、先进的信息融合方法以及相应的软件系统开发。创造性地提出了安全监控信息融合方法的融合以及多学科知识和技术的融合。