Gaming across scale in peri-urban water management: contribution from two experiences in Bolivia and Brazil

Natural resource governance is by nature multi-level, mobilizing various multi-stakeholder arenas in which a social learning approach may play a role. An approach using simulation tools such as role-playing games was tested in metropolitan areas of two South American cities: (1) in the periphery of Cochabamba, to facilitate conflict resolution stemming from the impact of urbanization on the irrigation infrastructure, and (2) in peri-urban areas of São Paulo, to assist in negotiations on land and water management in a protected catchment. Both interventions were designed to broaden the stakeholders' perspectives and facilitate the exchange of the views of different actors on water and land management using role-playing games. This paper discusses how the scale strategy embedded in the tools and in the mode of participation in fact constrained the possibility of bridging the gap between organisational levels in both situations. This calls for both the crafting of multi-level approaches able to take different levels into account, and finding adequate bridging mechanisms to enhance the integration of learning within organisations and communities.     

Values and willingness-to-pay for sustainability-certified mobile phones

ABSTRACT

This study investigated whether endorsement of personal values is associated with willingness to pay more for mobile phones with an environmental or social sustainability label. Participants were students in Sweden, Norway and Germany. A self-report inventory was used to measure willingness to pay and the importance attached to values of Schwartz’s circular model. In Sweden and Norway, participants were willing to pay, on average, 18% extra for a mobile phone with labels for environmental or social sustainability. In Germany, the corresponding share was 12%. To strive for self-enhancement values, that is, social status and prestige, as well as control and dominance over people and resources, was associated with a lower willingness to pay for mobile phones with labels for environmental or social sustainability in all three countries. Furthermore, women were willing to pay more than men for mobile phones with both kinds of sustainability labels. In Sweden and Norway, participants were, on average, willing to pay more for a mobile phone with a label for social sustainability compared to a mobile phone with a label for environmental sustainability.     

近岸海域典型水体中镉的水生态风险评估

为了解我国近岸海域重金属污染现状,以镉为目标污染物,选择北部湾、渤海湾、杭州湾、辽东湾、闽江口、珠江口、长江口、黄河口等8个典型海湾、河口区域作为评估目标区域进行水生态风险评估。研究结果显示:北部湾、渤海湾、杭州湾、闽江口、长江口、珠江口、黄河口等7个海域水体中镉的暴露水平较低,从2005至2013年其急、慢性暴露的最高潜在影响比例均低于5%,且整体呈下降趋势。辽东湾水体中镉从2005至2013年对水生生物的最高潜在影响比例为28.67%(95%置信区间26.29%~30.06%),5%、10%、15%、20%超过率对应的潜在影响比例分别为18.95%(17.84%~20.23%)、12.51%(11.65%~13.61%)、8.26%(7.40%~9.15%)、5.45%(4.62%~6.16%),其在2005—2010年间呈现略微上升趋势,2010—2013年间呈现下降趋势。水体中镉暴露水平主要受入海河流污染物输入的影响,其中五里河、大凌河影响最强。     

基于数值模拟的海上平台阴极保护系统的技术研究

目的确认海上平台外加电流阴极保护系统维修方案的可行性。方法开展两种工况下外加电流阴极保护作用效果的数值模拟计算,对比分析两种工况下外加电流阴极保护系统对平台结构腐蚀防护的有效性。结果得到两种工况下阴极保护系统处于最佳保护状态时平台结构的保护电位分布云图。结论当远地式外加电流阴极保护系统失效时,通过新增两套拉伸式外加电流阴极保护系统可以实现优良的阴极保护效果。     

浙江省近岸海域表层沉积物环境质量的灰色聚类分区

以浙江省近岸海域表层沉积物为研究对象,7种痕量金属元素为综合评价指标,运用灰色聚类法对浙江近岸海域表层沉积物环境质量进行评价分区.结果表明,浙江近岸海域表层沉积物环境质量分为四个区,即清洁区、起始污染区、轻污染区和中度污染区.轻污染区和中度污染区主要分布于象山港、台州湾-隘顽湾、温州湾至苍南一带,三门湾也有零星分布;起始污染区主要分布于浙江省北部的三门湾、象山沿海等海域,杭州湾也有零星分布;清洁区分布于杭州湾海域.     

河北省近岸海域环境质量评价

根据2006年1—12月的水质调查数据,运用水质质量单项标准指数法、综合指数(WQI)法和富营养化评价法,对河北省近岸海域环境质量进行评价. 结果表明:河北省近岸海域水质基本保持稳定,主要污染物为石油类,整个海域属轻度污染区,呈现富营养化趋势,表现为南高北低;但不同海域主要污染物变化较大,其中秦皇岛海域主要污染物为石油和PO₄3--P,唐山和沧州海域主要污染物为石油和DIN.      

云南省环境信息网络平台构架

分析了云南省环境信息网络平台建设现状和存在问题,按照"一个轴心、三个层次、内外有别、三网并进"的思路对云南省环境信息网络平台进行了构建.     

移动通信基站噪声治理

移动通信基站是手机通信中转站,设在居民楼内的移动通信基站方便了信号的转发,但同时基站设备噪声也会造成环境污染;通过双层墙和隔振处理,解决了移动通信基站噪声对环境的污染。     

半刚性悬挂在集运系统低平板车上的应用

码头牵引车和6.096 m低平板半挂车组成的半挂列车是连接中转站和集装码头的设备。文章根据低平板半挂车的使用环境和刚度要求,分析确定半刚性为集运系统半挂车所适用的悬挂系统。根据实验测试,最终产品定型时所取的板簧曲率半径为R=3 880 mm。     

海平面上升对广东近岸海域环境影响研究

全球气候变暖会引起海平面上升,已有研究表明,广东沿海海平面上升量最大,上升速度为2.19 mm/a。本文根据张锦文对广东沿海的海平面上升估计值,研究了广东沿海到2030年、2050年和2100年时由海平面上升造成的海岸滨线后退和海岸面积损失的影响,并进一步分析了海平面上升对广东近岸海域红树林、海草和湿地生态系的影响。