Phytoremediation of petroleum-contaminated soils: Pre-screening for suitable plants and rhizospheral fungi

A field study was conducted in a petroleum-contaminated site in Kermanshah refinery (Iran) to find the petroleum-resistant plant species and the rhizospheral fungi for being used in bioremediation. Results showed that the amounts of petroleum pollution in non-vegetated areas is 6.8% and in vegetated areas is 2.2%. Plant samples were collected from petroleum-polluted areas and determined using morphological characters. It was found that eight plant species were growing on the contaminated sites: Polygonum aviculare, Amaranthus retroflexus, Noea mucronata, Alhaji cameleron, Crozophora heirosolymitrana, Poa sp., Convolvulus arvensis and Trifolium repense. The rhizospheral fungi of the plants were collected and determined using microscopic studies and taxonomical keys. The results determined the presence of 21 species in the rhizosphere of the plants growing in the polluted areas; three of these species were common in all of the plants and the others have species-specific distribution within the plants. The highest number of rhizospheral fungi (11 species) were determined for P. aviculare in non-polluted areas and nine species in polluted areas. It seems that the plant is the best candidate for using phytoremediation. However, the variation of fungi in petroleum-polluted areas was more than non-polluted zones. The culture of fungi in oil-contaminated media showed that, although all the studied fungi were resistant to low petroleum pollution (1% v/v), a few species, especially Fusarium species, showed higher resistance to petroleum pollution (10% v/v) and hence they may be suitable for mycoremediation in highly polluted areas.     

固定床三维电极反应器深度处理炼油废水

以不锈钢板为阴阳主电极,以柱状活性炭为感应粒子电极,构建固定床三维电极反应器, 并用其深度处理炼油废水。考察了施加电压、水力停留时间、废水pH和曝气量对COD去除效果的影响。实验结果表明,在施加电压10 V、水力停留时间60 min、废水pH=7.0、曝气量120 L/h的优化工艺条件下,处理后出水的COD=27.1 mg/L,满足“超滤—反渗透”单元对进水COD的要求（COD<30.0 mg/L）。     

石油行业安全生产标准化建设要点研究

为了探究石油行业安全生产标准化建设过程中存在的普遍性问题,依据2014年全国183家石油行业安全生产标准化一级企业评审过程中的问题项及扣分情况,提炼出石油行业在领导责任和承诺、HSE方针、策划、组织机构、资源和文件、实施和运行、检查和管理评审共7个一级要素的问题项清单。通过实地调研和问卷数据处理,最终得到石油行业安全生产标准化建设的要点清单,可为企业有针对性的安全检查和隐患整改提供依据。     

海上风电变流器应用环境因素分析

为了清晰认识风电变流器海上应用环境,阐述了海上风电的困难及生命周期可遇的环境因素,并选取对风电变流器有危害和影响的主要环境因素进行了分析,以便开发人员提前识别海上风电变流器的环境应力并作出相应的设计。     

土壤石油烃污染的植物毒性及植物-微生物联合降解

通过盆栽实验研究了土壤石油烃污染对玉米和水稻根伸长的影响,并在土壤中接种经过筛选得到的石油烃降解菌,研究石油烃降解菌对石油烃毒性的影响以及对土壤中石油烃的降解。研究结果表明,石油烃浓度低于1 000 mg/kg时对玉米的根系生长有一定的刺激生长作用,随着石油烃浓度的增加,刺激根长生长的作用逐渐降低,研究结果表明,水稻根长受石油烃影响较小。通过对不同处理土壤中石油烃降解的研究结果表明,土壤中种植水稻对石油烃有一定的降解作用,但是不同处理下土壤中的石油烃降解率不同,其中水稻微生物联合处理下土壤中石油烃的降解速率最快,培养期内的降解效率达到53.3%。     

海洋平台密集作业空间内H_2S扩散分析

针对含硫油气田开发生产中,硫化氢(H_2S)在振动筛房等密集作业空间内泄漏扩散造成的潜在人员毒害问题,从确定H_2S扩散规律、建立事故控制措施的角度展开分析.根据海洋平台空间环境特点,采取计算流体动力学(CFD)建立用于分析H_2S扩散过程的理论模型和数值模拟方案.就某海洋平台振动筛房在舱门关闭、打开和房内安装换气机3种条件下的H_2S扩散过程进行分析,确定H_2S浓度变化和分布规律.通过对比不同舱室条件下的H_2S影响程度,推荐在平台生产过程中封闭可能出现H_2S泄漏的舱室并安装换气机.进一步分析了换气机的工作效率,建立了简化数学模型以快速预测换气机工作时间,并与CFD结果进行了验证.     

石油化工清洁生产审核方法探讨

清洁生产是环境保护工作实现由末端控制转向全过程控制的必由之路,对提高能源资源利用效率,减少污染物排放,降低工业污染,缓解环境压力至关重要。长期以来,中国石油积极履行其社会责任,坚持清洁生产的技术政策,把它作为构建和谐企业、走新型工业化道路的重要举措,通过持续开展清洁生产审核,落实清洁生产方案,目前已取得了明显成效。文章通过清洁生产审核工作实践总结,提出了石油化工生产过程中开展清洁生产审核的有关方法和建议。     

大庆宋芳屯油田开发对周围草原羊草群落的影响

油田开发过程中 ,由于污染物的排放 ,对油田周围的生态系统将产生一定的影响。以大庆宋芳屯油田开发活动为例 ,通过实地调研和实验 ,分析了油田开发建设对草原羊草群落的影响和羊原群落的恢复规律。结果表明 :油田采油、贮存、运输及其他生产过程中产生大量的环境污染物 ,对油井周围环境中的植物生长发育及作物品质有一定的影响 ;黑钙土和风沙土上的钻井场可在 4～ 5a内恢复为羊草为优势种的群落     

在役导管架平台的评估策略研究现状

海洋平台造价昂贵,所处的海洋环境复杂且恶劣,受到波浪、流、风、冰、地震以及疲劳、腐蚀、冲刷等时变因素的联合作用,检测和维修困难,事故后果严重,所以,为延长在役导管架平台的寿命而进行的评估研究存在许多难题需要解决。针对近海导管架平台评估标准、检测策略、构件校核、系统分析、维修加固决策和方法等,介绍了国内外的研究现状,并展望了将来需要进一步开展的工作。     

Alternatives to gas flaring: a multi-criteria decision approach applied to a case study in Russia

During recent years, the issue of gas flaring has become an increasingly relevant problem for the international community. The claim to more sustainable development offers a renewed prospective in the observation of gas flaring and emphasizes that recovering the associated gas could induce economic, environmental and social benefit. The true core of the issue, as is widely accepted, is not a lack of appropriate technologies, but in the number of criteria involved, which makes it difficult to identify a list of alternatives and connecting all the involved stakeholders in the negotiation process. The complexity of this problem can be mitigated using a decision-making method. The objective of the present work is to identify and formulate a supportive decision system based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Application of the model to a real case underlines the strengths and weaknesses of the model, leading to the conclusion that a selection of the most sustainable alternatives needs to be based on a number of criteria that need to be recognized and agreed amongst the stakeholders.