生物表面活性剂产生菌处理水体石油污染物的研究

为研究水体石油污染物的生物处理方法,通过富集培养、蓝色凝胶平板分离初筛、摇瓶复筛等方法从长期被石油污染的油泥中筛选生物表面活性剂产生菌.采用薄层层析显色法和红外光谱法鉴定该菌所产表面活性剂种类,测定表面活性剂的乳化性能、表面张力和临界胶束浓度等性能,并对菌株降解水体石油污染物的影响因素及效果进行了研究.结果表明,筛选出的生物表面活性剂高产菌株LJ2所产表面活性剂为糖脂,其乳化指数为33％,25℃下可将水的表面张力从71.14 mN/m降至27.22 mN/m,临界胶束质量浓度为5 mg/L;当表面活性剂水溶液质量浓度为100 mg/L时,其乳化指数可达50％.温度、降解时间以及NaCl质量分数对菌株LJ2处理水体石油污染效果影响很大.在34℃条件下处理5d,菌株LJ2对质量浓度为2 g/L的水体石油污染物的降解率高达99.5％.研究表明,生物表面活性剂产生菌L J2对水体石油污染物有良好的降解效果,而且该菌还对水体中较高浓度的NaCl有一定的耐受性.     

Trace elements in particulate matter of ambient air at petroleum filling stations

Size segregated suspended particulate matter (PM_2.5 and PM_10-2.5) in air at four major petroleum-filling stations in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, were monitored using double staged “Gent” stacked samplers to assess variations in mass loads and elemental concentrations of 25 elements. Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Cs, Ta, W, and Pb were determined in both fractions by external ion beam proton-induced X-ray emission technique. Enrichment factors and pollution indices were calculated and results revealed that most elements were anthropogenic in both fractions with concentrations exceeding the World Health Organization guideline standards.     

CFD-based assessment and visualization of the failure consequences of LPG tankers

This paper presents a simulation analysis of the explosions following an LPG leak and visualizes the consequences of the accident to reduce the consequences of the LPG leak explosion. Firstly, this paper proposes a CFD numerical simulation-based method for visualizing the consequences of LPG tanker failure. The method combines satellite maps and CFD numerical simulation data to visualize the consequences of LPG leaks and explosions, taking into account the influence of obstacles on the danger range of leaks and explosions; Secondly, this paper applies the method to a liquefied petroleum gas accident that occurred in the Wenling section of the Shenhai Expressway and performs CFD numerical simulation on the accident process and visualizes the consequences of the accident. Therefore, this method can provide a theoretical reference for the prior prevention of LPG accidents and the analysis of the consequences of accidents, as well as certain practical guidance instructive.     

指数模型法在海洋石油设施风险评估中的应用

针对海上油气设施工况复杂、自然环境恶劣、应急救援难度大等特点,通过构建海上采油平台、海底管道和钻修井平台风险评估指数模型,辨识出水深增大、服役期长、腐蚀、疲劳、浅层地质条件变化等是风险等级升高的主要因素,识别出部分采油平台主结构疲劳损伤,海底管道内壁腐蚀及缺陷无法准确掌握、作业平台插桩不到位等问题,并提出检验检测、更换设施、强制退出等风险管控措施和建议。     

液化石油气槽车泄漏处置专用接头套组的应用探讨

针对消防救援车辆缺乏专业堵漏和倒罐装备、应急处置受限等问题,研究采用专用注压接头套组与消防车配合,通过向事故槽车阀门注水加压或惰性气体的方式实施辅助堵漏,能够实现因地制宜、快速有效地解决现场液化石油气大量泄漏的问题,降低事故危害。     

页岩气开采钻井固体废物的污染特性

选取重庆某地区3个页岩气田作为研究对象,研究了5个钻井平台页岩气开采过程中废水基和油基钻井岩屑中重金属、多环芳烃（PAHs）和石油烃的污染特性.结果表明,两类钻井岩屑中Ba元素平均含量明显高于其他重金属,废水基钻井岩屑的重金属以Zn、Ba、Cr、Ni、Cu、Pb为主,废油基钻井岩屑中的重金属以Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ba、As、Cr为主且Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb平均含量超过《危险废物鉴别标准毒性物质含量鉴别》（GB5085.6-2007）标准限值.废水基和油基钻井岩屑中PAHs的范围分别为1.74~14.8mg/kg和302~595mg/kg,均未超过GB5085.6-2007标准限值.废油基钻井岩屑石油烃含量为112~213g/kg,远超GB5085.6-2007标准限值.同时,废水基和油基钻井岩屑中BaP超过《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》（GB15618-2018）标准限值;废油基钻井岩屑中部分PAHs（BaP、BbF、BkF、DahA）浓度超过《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》（GB36600-2018）中筛选值,岩屑中石油烃含量远超管制值.     

石油化工场地环境评价

介绍了石油化工场地环境评价的程序和方法,内容主要包括石油化工场地环境评价的基本内容、土壤和地下水监测点位的布设、样品的采集与保存、样品的预处理及分析、质量控制等.     

Pipeline leakage detection and isolation: An integrated approach of statistical and wavelet feature extraction with multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLPNN)

Leakage diagnosis of hydrocarbon pipelines can prevent environmental and financial losses. This work proposes a novel method that not only detects the occurrence of a leakage fault, but also suggests its location and severity. The OLGA software is employed to provide the pipeline inlet pressure and outlet flow rates as the training data for the Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) system. The FDI system is comprised of a Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLPNN) classifier with various feature extraction methods including the statistical techniques, wavelet transform, and a fusion of both methods. Once different leakage scenarios are considered and the preprocessing methods are done, the proposed FDI system is applied to a 20-km pipeline in southern Iran (Goldkari-Binak pipeline) and a promising severity and location detectability (a correct classification rate of 92%) and a low False Alarm Rate (FAR) were achieved.     

固井水泥作业场所粉尘治理及效果评价

对油田固井水泥生产和使用作业场所进行了劳动卫生学调查,对粉尘污染严重的立式散装水泥储存罐尾气口排放、水泥裸口装卸、水泥与外加剂干混工艺进行了技术改造和粉尘治理,使作业场所空气中粉尘浓度由平均49.94 mg/m3降至1.19 mg/m3,除尘效率达97.81%,效果明显。     

Emerging conservation challenges and prospects in an era of offshore hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation

Globally, extensive marine areas important for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem functioning are undergoing exploration and extraction of oil and natural gas resources. Such operations are expanding to previously inaccessible deep waters and other frontier regions, while conservation‐related legislation and planning is often lacking. Conservation challenges arising from offshore hydrocarbon development are wide‐ranging. These challenges include threats to ecosystems and marine species from oil spills, negative impacts on native biodiversity from invasive species colonizing drilling infrastructure, and increased political conflicts that can delay conservation actions. With mounting offshore operations, conservationists need to urgently consider some possible opportunities that could be leveraged for conservation. Leveraging options, as part of multi‐billion dollar marine hydrocarbon operations, include the use of facilities and costly equipment of the deep and ultra‐deep hydrocarbon industry for deep‐sea conservation research and monitoring and establishing new conservation research, practice, and monitoring funds and environmental offsetting schemes. The conservation community, including conservation scientists, should become more involved in the earliest planning and exploration phases and remain involved throughout the operations so as to influence decision making and promote continuous monitoring of biodiversity and ecosystems. A prompt response by conservation professionals to offshore oil and gas developments can mitigate impacts of future decisions and actions of the industry and governments. New environmental decision support tools can be used to explicitly incorporate the impacts of hydrocarbon operations on biodiversity into marine spatial and conservation plans and thus allow for optimum trade‐offs among multiple objectives, costs, and risks.