风电场塔筒螺栓腐蚀分析

目的 分析风电场塔筒螺栓的腐蚀现状.方法 采用化学成分分析、金相分析、冲击性能测试、拉伸性能测试、硬度测试等方法对螺栓进行分析.结果 使用前后螺栓螺母垫圈的成分均符合标准.对使用前后的螺栓进行冲击、拉伸、硬度性能测试均符合安全要求.使用前后,螺栓金相为1～4级,符合国家标准.晶粒度测试显示,使用前为7.5～8.0级,使用后为8级.通过螺栓截面成分分析,锈层内渗入的氯离子促进了腐蚀的发生.结论 在役的螺栓满足安全使用要求;在恶劣的自然环境的综合作用下,螺栓发生了电化学腐蚀和缝隙腐蚀;最后对螺栓的使用及维护提出建议.     

康集生态农场小气候的改善

本文采用对比分析的方法，分别对康集生态农场种植园、苗圃地和对照废窑地的主要小气候指标进行了观测分析。结果表明，农场种植园的建立有利于提高生长初期的日平均气温，增加干燥季节的空气相对湿度，明显降低各时期的地面最高温度和大风季节的风速，对农场局部小气候改善起了一定的作用。     

植被对风沙土风蚀作用的影响

以植物模型、风沙土为实验材料，以风洞模拟实验为研究手段得出初步结论：地表粗糙度为植被特征参数的函数，随植被盖度的增加呈幂函数增加；随植被作用区面积蛎呈线性增加；与行状植物的排列方向和主风向夹角的平方根成正比。在盖度相同的条件下，均匀分布较丛状分布可产生较大的粗糙度。风蚀率随植被盖度的减少呈指数增加。植被盖度对风沙土风蚀作用的影响可划分为３种程度类型：大于６０％为轻度风蚀和无风蚀。６０％￣２０％为中     

畜牧场污染治理排污现状及其防治对策

文章总结了上海大中型畜禽物场现有污染治理方式主要是工程治理和还田，主要手段有产沼、沉淀、曝气、厌氧发酵、好氧发酵和氧化塘（沟）等。现有治理设施正常运行率为66.7%。CODcrBOD5和NH3-N超标率分别为66.7%、58.3%和66.7%。沉淀池一氧化塘法对污染物具有较高的削减率。畜禽污染治理应向系统化方向发展。     

The characters for the boundary layer and mechanism of acid rain formation in the Qingdao area,China

ＴｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙｌａｙｅｒａｎｄｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆａｃｉｄｒａｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＱｉｎｇｄａｏａｒｅａ，ＣｈｉｎａＬｉｕＢａｏｚｈａｎｇ，ＬｉＪｉｎｌｏｎｇｅｎｔｅｒｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａ...     

1979-2014年中国地面风速的长期变化趋势

基于中国国家级地面气象站均一化风速月值数据集,采用线性回归等方法分析了1979-2014年中国2268个台站地面风速演变的时空特征。结果表明：中国地面风速总体呈显著下降趋势,年平均风速变化速率为-0.142 m/s/10 a;四个季节中春季平均风速下降趋势（-0.18 m/s/10 a）明显大于其他三个季节,其次依次为冬季（-0.135 m/s/10 a）、夏季（-0.13 m/s/10 a）及秋季（-0.129 m/s/10 a）;研究选取的台站中约82%的台站风速呈现下降趋势;划分的七个区域中,高原区和东北区风速下降趋势最明显,华北区下降趋势最小,但都通过了0.05显著性检验;中国地面风速在1980s下降趋势最显著（-0.235 m/s/10 a）,1990s下降趋势减缓（-0.112 m/s/10 a）,2000-2014年下降趋势最小,为-0.099 m/s/10 a;研究期间地面风速与地面气温呈显著负相关,表明近期中国气温变暖可能导致风速减弱。     

我国海上油井管腐蚀与防护研究进展

总结了我国海洋环境油井管的防腐实践,为类似油气田开发提供技术参考。指出了我国海上油气井的环境与腐蚀状况,针对腐蚀环境特征,分仅含二氧化碳井下环境、含硫井下环境及热采井高温环境进行防腐技术总结。海洋环境油井气井内、外腐蚀均较严重,外腐蚀主要为海洋环境大气腐蚀,内腐蚀失效的原因多为CO2引发的腐蚀,此外因作业需要,井筒内流体性质的变化也加剧了内腐蚀失效。针对单独CO2腐蚀环境,建立了海上特色的防腐图版,并提出三种低成本防腐策略;针对H2S腐蚀环境,开展了不同材质的腐蚀规律研究与服役寿命预测;针对热采井高温腐蚀环境,开展了氧含量、高温腐蚀与热应力叠加强度变化研究。研究认为,海洋环境油气井外腐蚀可采取涂敷、牺牲阳极、阴极保护,井下CO2腐蚀可以采用防腐选材图版选择合适材质,为降低成本可以采用组合管柱防腐,含H2S环境可采用碳钢或低铬钢,以降低硫化物应力开裂(SSC)和应力腐蚀(SCC)风险,热采井宜控制含氧量及热强度衰减的影响。     

优化海上油田注水工艺实施清洁生产

针对海上油田注水的实际情况，探讨、研究、实施海上注水清洁生产管理，总结经验，为海上采油实施清洁生产提供参考。     

Application of ground-based Lidar for studies of the dynamics of ozone in a mountainous basin

A ground-based Differential Absorption Lidar was employed to study the dynamics of atmospheric O3 within the planetary boundary layer of a basin in the 'Fichtelgebirge' mountains, NE Bavaria. In particular, the night-time dynamics of O3 linked to the ground were investigated. The Lidar system measured vertical profiles of O3 up to 1 km above ground. For detailed analysis of the night-time dynamics of ozone, supplementary data from three ground-based stations (measuring mixing ratios of O3 and NO(x), as well as meteorological parameters) are essential. The Lidar results could be evaluated with these data from various altitudes above the basin floor. For the station with the largest (vertical) distance to the ground-based Lidar, the agreement was very good at all times. The Lidar method proved to be useful for examining the spatial distribution of O3. The observed night-time decrease of O3 at the bottom of the basin was due to deposition and to advection of air masses containing less O3 from the mountain slopes.     

Evaluation of CFD Simulation using RANS Turbulence Models for Building Effects on Pollutant Dispersion

CFD evaluations were performed to examine the applicability of the RANS methods in simulating pollutant dispersion near, within and over three typical building configurations: (1) an isolated building, (2) a building array and (3) an urban intersection. The CFD results are compared with values obtained from wind tunnel tests. In some situations major differences between the wind tunnel tests and the CFD results were observed. The main source of difference between the CFD and wind tunnel results was inadequate modelling of local flow patterns using the RANS turbulence models. Also inappropriate evaluation of high intermittent turbulent mixing in the RANS approach may lead to either over-prediction or under-prediction of the concentration level, by up to a factor of 10, depending on the case investigated.