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101.
为对变压器油池火灾进行准确有效的灭火,研究不同尺寸和不同厚度下变压器油的火灾动力学特征和基本燃烧特性,具体分析变压器油的燃烧过程和变压器油燃烧速率、火焰温度以及辐射热流随油池直径以及厚度的变化规律。结果表明:整个油品的燃烧过程分为预热燃烧阶段、稳定燃烧阶段和火焰熄灭阶段。对于厚度大于10 mm的油池燃烧,稳定阶段的燃烧速率与油层厚度无关,稳定阶段的燃烧速率随着油池直径的增加而增加。同时,变压器油火灾连续火焰区温度接近750 ℃。对于稳定燃烧阶段下的变压器油燃烧,基于辐射通量可得出在燃烧过程中,辐射热量占总燃烧热的占比约为1/3。研究结果可丰富变压器油燃烧的基础数据,为变压器火灾的灭火提供参考。 相似文献
102.
通过对目前已出台油气田含油污泥处理相关标准的解析,针对标准之间存在着适用范围不一致、检测项目名称及限值不一致、检测方法不统一以及计算基础不统一等,造成油气田环保工作者和管理者认识上的混乱,对含油污泥处理技术的选用和治理市场的管理带来诸多问题。为加快促进油气田含油污泥处理减量化、资源化、无害化技术的发展,建议尽快出台有针对性、普适性强、统一的油气田含油污泥污染控制标准,确保含油污泥处理既科学合理,又经济可行;同时制定针对性强的含油污泥污染物检测方法,检测方法统一、计算公式一致,保证结果真实可靠,具有可比性。 相似文献
103.
Kumar PR 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,117(1-3):215-233
In this paper, an attempt has been made to highlight an experimental methodology for monitoring contaminant transport through
locally available silty soil and commercially available clay in geotechnical centrifuge models, for different compaction states.
Use of multiple depth sensors to determine depth distribution of sodium chloride in the soil column has been detailed. The
obtained results have been compared with argentometric method. To validate the centrifuge modelling, modelling of models has
been used. The test setup developed can simulate contaminant transport mechanisms through the soil mass, which is approximately
10 m deep, over a period of 600 days. R
e and P
e are found to be N times higher in the centrifuge models. These numbers are found to be several orders less than unity. This indicates that
laminar flow prevails and the dominating Cl− transport mechanism in centrifuge is diffusion. The study also highlights the fact that the geotechnical centrifuge modelling
can be used as a viable alternative to field scale experimentation. 相似文献
104.
在固体酸催化剂作用下,用环己烷氧化制备环己酮的副产物——酸性油和轻质油进行酯化反应,制备了羧酸混合酯,酯化反应的最佳工艺条件:n(C4-C5醇):n(有机羧酸)=1.2:1,催化剂质量分数为1.5%,反应温度为110-160℃,反应时间为5h。经应用评价结果表明,该羧酸混合酯是一种性能优异的选煤浮选剂。 相似文献
105.
稠油废水生物处理主要影响因素分析 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
有机聚合物和石油烃类物质是稠油废水中的主要污染物.应用辽河油田锦采污水处理厂稠油废水中筛选分离出的菌株B0501,分析其在稠油废水生物处理过程中对废水CODCr的去除作用,研究了不同温度,pH,水力停留时间以及添加氮、磷营养盐等条件下微生物对废水CODCr去除的影响.结果表明:稠油废水中投加的外源微生物B0501提高了废水中CODCr的去除率;接种后,废水在30 ℃,pH为7.5,水力停留时间为216 h,添加氮、磷营养盐(ρ(氮)/ρ(磷)为5.63)的条件下,废水CODCr去除率大幅度提高,其ρ(CODCr)满足国家污水综合排放一级标准(GB 8798-1996).经形态观察和生理生化反应鉴定,菌株B0501为液化金杆菌(Aureobaterium liquefaciens). 相似文献
106.
107.
108.
Decommissioning of offshore oil and gas facilities: a comparative assessment of different scenarios 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A material and energy flow analysis, with corresponding financial flows, was carried out for different decommissioning scenarios for the different elements of an offshore oil and gas structure. A comparative assessment was made of the non-financial (especially environmental) outcomes of the different scenarios, with the reference scenario being to leave all structures in situ, while other scenarios envisaged leaving them on the seabed or removing them to shore for recycling and disposal. The costs of each scenario, when compared with the reference scenario, give an implicit valuation of the non-financial outcomes (e.g. environmental improvements), should that scenario be adopted by society. The paper concludes that it is not clear that the removal of the topsides and jackets of large steel structures to shore, as currently required by regulations, is environmentally justified; that concrete structures should certainly be left in place; and that leaving footings, cuttings and pipelines in place, with subsequent monitoring, would also be justified unless very large values were placed by society on a clear seabed and trawling access. 相似文献
109.
Per Ove Eikeland 《环境政策》2019,28(1):104-124
ABSTRACTHow have petroleum and power companies and their European industry associations responded to the EU emissions trading system (ETS)? Responses can be political, directed externally towards the initiation and reforms of the EU ETS itself, or internally and market-based, directed at low-carbon solutions. Proactive response strategies shape companies’ leadership potential. Variation in responses is explained by two models that differ in assumptions about corporate behaviour as well as the wider multilevel regulatory context in which companies operate. Responses are found to have converged within the two industries, with reactive companies following the proactive ones. Secondly, responses between the two industries increasingly diverge, with the power industry becoming much more proactive than the petroleum industry. The main explanation is found in the differing relevance of the two models and the wider regulatory context, particularly differing exposure to international competition and weak international climate agreements. 相似文献
110.