氧弹燃烧-BaSO4重量法用于柴油中硫成分分析标准物质的定值

研究并确定了氧弹燃烧—BaSO4重量法测定柴油中硫含量的燃烧条件、吸收液种类、沉淀溶液pH、沉淀和转移条件等实验条件。在实验确定的优化条件下，该方法的定值结果与其他方法吻合良好。对定值结果进行了全面的不确定度评定，对于硫含量0．515％和1．027％的柴油中标准物质，获得的展伸不确定度分别为1.3％、1.4％(K=2)。利用该方法成功地实现了较低含硫量样品的定值。     

神华集团煤制油项目供水、污水回用经济、技术分析

神东矿区水的矛盾比较突出，在荒水季节更是如此，已经开始制约矿区发展。特别是煤制油项目的全面上马，水的问题将更为突出。大力开展污水回用，是解决水危机切实可行的途径，且可以降低污水处理、供水成本，节约生产费用，同时可以发展相关产业，减少污染物总量的排放。     

溢油追踪报警器可行性研究

通过对专门设计的漂浮物在海洋中运动规律的分析，研究用来跟踪海上溢油漂移路线的可行性，从而，为溢油应急指挥中心的决策提供技术支持手段。     

利用硫铁矿烧渣和硫酸铵废液制备铵铁蓝

将氨法制铁黄所产生的硫酸铵废液净化后,加入硫铁矿烧渣制备得到的硫酸亚铁得到硫酸亚铁和硫酸铵混合溶液,其硫酸亚铁和硫酸铵Ё浓度分别为0.346和0.173 mol·L-1.按照硫酸亚铁与亚铁氰化钠物质的量比为1.15:1,将硫酸亚铁和硫酸铵混合溶液加入浓度为0.200 mol·L-1的亚铁氰化钠溶液中,80℃下反应10 min得到白浆.将所得白浆在100℃下热煮1 h,加入质量分数为50%的硫酸溶液酸煮2 h,降温至70℃后加入质量分数为10%的氯酸钠溶液氧化3 h得到铁蓝.将铁蓝过滤、洗涤、干燥、研磨得到铵铁蓝粉末.实验所得铵铁蓝质量优于国家标准GB 1860-88及HG/T 3001-1999行业标准.SEM实验表明,铵铁蓝颗粒大小均匀、粒径约为20 nm;XRD实验表明,铵铁蓝具有与Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3相同的立方晶体结构.     

粗粒化法处理乳化食用油脂废水的研究

采用W型和H型改性聚丙烯纤维作为粗粒化材料，能有效处理乳化食用油脂废水，某些指标显示H型比W型具有更好的除油性能。废水流速和粗粒化材料填充量，是影响粗粒化除油效果的两个重要工艺操作参数，在最佳流速和适当填充量下，能使粗粒化取得最佳最经济的效果。超过一定浓度的表面活性剂存在，会影响粗粒化除油的效果；废水的温度对粗粒化除油的效果影响不大。实际处理餐饮废水的试验结果表明，采用粗粒化技术能有效降低餐饮废水中的含油量，并能大幅降低COD的浓度，有利于后续的生化处理。     

船舶溢油卫星监测与信息高速公路

溢油污染严重威胁海洋环境,建立常规化的卫星遥感监测系统并纳入信息高速公路计划是非常必要的。本文在考察了其它船舶溢油监测方法的基础上,提出了利用卫星遥感监测溢油的可能性及在我国目前国力条件下利用卫星遥感方法实现常规监测的可行性,并探讨了在３Ｓ技术支持下建立常规化的船舶溢油卫星遥感监测系统的基本问题。     

吸附-磁性分离法处理含油污水的研究

本文提出了吸附-磁性分离法处理含油污水的新工艺。研究了粘土作为吸附剂在此工艺中对矿物油、COD、浊度和色度的去除效果;比较了膨润土、活性炭、煤泥、高岭土等的处理效果。对处理水中悬浮物的沉降性能以及粘土吸附剂的再生等作了初步探讨。在推荐的流程下,可使出水中矿物油<2ppm、COD<100ppm SS<1ppm。     

我国四个港湾疏浚物石油污染

文中叙述了１９８８￣１９９０年间，我国４个港湾－大连湾、天津港、深圳湾及珠江河段各疏浚区疏浚物中油类污染调查及分布状况。文中介绍了站位布设原则，样品采集、样品处理、分析测试方法。进行了沾污疏浚物油类出溶出实验，认为油类溶出实验是估价疏浚物油类污染的程度的重要手段。讨论了４港湾疏浚物油类污染水平。大连湾海域疏浚物石油污染明显，珠江河段，深圳湾及天津港疏浚物稍受影响，基本上是清洁的。     

Photodegradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in soil with vegetable oil

GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to investigate the effect of olive oil on the photodegradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in contaminated sawmill soil. Previous studies had shown that the solubility of PCDD/Fs in olive oil is high and a rapid photodegradation of PCDD/Fs takes place in olive oil when irradiated with ultraviolet (blacklight) lamps. The efficiency of this treatment method was evaluated under more practical conditions. These included the use of sunlight irradiation and a lower-grade olive oil, without a preliminary extraction of soil with olive oil. METHODS: A 1-cm layer of contaminated sawmill soil was blended with 20 weight-% of olive oil and exposed to sunlight for four weeks. In another experiment, a new dose of olive oil was added at the middle of the exposure period. The PCDD/F concentrations of the soils were monitored periodically. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A reduction in the concentration of 2,3,7,8-chlorinated PCDD/Fs by 59% and in WHO-TEQ in contaminated sawmill soil by 48% was attained after blending the soil with two doses (20 + 20%) of olive oil and exposing the mixture to sunlight for four weeks. Photodegradation with only one dose of olive oil was less efficient. This suggests that periodical additions of olive oil would be needed to maintain a proper degradation rate. After the oil additions, the WHO-TEQ content of the soil declined with first order reaction half-lives of 19.2 to 19.7 d. The overall half-life during the four-week treatment, however, was 30 d. CONCLUSION: A significant reduction in the PCDD/F concentration of aged sawmill soil can be achieved with a relatively simple olive oil-sunlight treatment. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: Some theoretical and technological questions need to be solved before using the investigated soil decontamination method in larger-scale applications. The functions of vegetable oils in photodegradation processes should be studied in more detail. The amount of oil that is needed for a proper solubilisation and photodegradation of PCDD/Fs should be minimised. Moreover, special care should be taken to prevent mobilisation of PCDD/Fs to the surrounding environment and to avoid leaving bioavailable residuals of PCDD/Fs in soil.