突发性油污染应急响应体系的运作模式

突发性油污染发生突然,危害严重,有必要建立一套有效的应急响应体系.笔者提出了针对突发性油污染应急响应体系的模式构想.     

QuickPanel在油浆过滤自动控制系统中的应用研究

阐述了油浆过滤控制系统的硬件配置、分程控制及顺序控制等．通过控制系统的控制,过滤器A、B轮流进行过滤、再生步骤,将油品内51μm以上的颗粒过滤掉,达到提高油品质量、延迟装置检维修期的目标．图1,参5．     

Safety issues related to the maintenance operations in a vegetable oil refinery: A case study

The present work was focused on maintenance hazards related to vegetable oil refining. An incident occurred in an Italian vegetable oil refinery was presented to evidence this safety criticality. The incident took place during a maintenance shut down, and was associated to the ignition of the solid residual in a packed column. No fatalities or injuries were reported, but the column was strongly damaged and removed from the plant. A specific experimental characterization of the solid residues accumulated in the column, sampled both from the damaged and undamaged parts of the column, was carried out in order to determine the conditions leading to unwanted combustion of the residues. At the same time, samples taken from the damaged column steelwork were subjected to metallurgical analysis aimed at the thermal and mechanical characterization of the steel, obtaining information about the incident duration and temperature reached during the combustion phenomenon. The study evidenced the need of adequate maintenance procedures and safety management in the generic framework of food industry, identified as key lessons learned.     

基于DEA的海外石油钻探项目HSE管理能力评价

基于课题组对大庆工程钻探公司349份有效问卷的样本数据,采用因子分析法对各指标进行筛选和验证;构建了海外石油钻探项目HSE管理能力评级指标体系和海外石油钻探项目HSE管理能力评价模型;采用DEA法分别对三个维度下不同地区的石油钻探项目HSE管理能力进行了分析,并运用DEA交叉法对不同项目的 HSE管理能力进行了比较分析。研究表明:海外石油钻探项目HSE管理能力中健康管理能力最强,环境管理能力最弱;海外不同国别的项目HSE管理能力差异明显。最后,提出了提升海外石油钻探项目HSE管理能力的对策建议。     

地下水化学成分对植物油改性纳米铁还原硝基苯影响

研究了不同地下水化学成分(pH值、Ca2+、Fe2+、Cl-、SO42-)对VOMNI降解硝基苯(NB)的影响.结果表明,经乳化油改性后,纳米铁团聚现象得到改善,分散性提高;VOMNI对硝基苯的还原过程符合一级反应动力学方程,反应速率常数为0.0783min-1;酸性条件下更有利于硝基苯的降解和苯胺的生成;钙硬度对VOMNI还原硝基苯有抑制作用;Fe2+、SO42-、Cl-对硝基苯的降解和苯胺的生成有一定的促进作用.     

石油水溶性成分对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)生殖、发育及种群动态的影响

溢油污染对近岸生态系统的平衡与稳定危害极大。本研究以石油水溶性成分(water-accommodated fraction,WAF)为目标,研究其对海洋浮游动物褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)生殖、发育和种群动态变化的影响,以期为阐明或评估海洋溢油污染的潜在威胁提供依据。研究结果表明,(1) WAF抑制褶皱臂尾轮虫的种群增长,随着胁迫时间的延长抑制作用不断增强,呈现显著剂量-毒性效应的正相关,其48、72和96 h的半数有效抑制浓度(EC_(50))分别为5.42、4.81和4.39 mg·L~(-1)。(2)WAF能显著影响褶皱臂尾轮虫的生殖和发育过程,缩短轮虫的平均寿命和生殖周期,使得进入生殖期的时间滞后,个体发育延迟;基于生命表的研究发现,其内禀增长率(r_m)、周限增长率(λ)、净生殖率(R_0)和生命期望(E_0)显著降低,世代周期(T)延长,其中r_m、λ和R_0变化较其他指标明显,可作为灵敏指示褶皱臂尾轮虫响应WAF胁迫的指示指标。     

Effects of stricter environmental regulations on resource development

This analysis seeks to understand whether changes in oil regulation brought about by the shale revolution have restricted the pace of drilling and production. This hypothesis is tested using data on North Dakota and Montana both before and after North Dakota increased regulations that raise fixed costs. Results generally find that the new regulations had no statistical impact on the pace of drilling and production, however it is found that smaller operators reduced their production and exited. These results are instructive for policymakers who weigh the loss of economic welfare against improved environmental quality when deciding on new regulations.     

Membrane-based treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater: The current state of knowledge

• Shale oil and gas production generates wastewater with complex composition. • Membrane technologies emerged for the treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater. • Membrane technologies should tolerate high TDS and consume low primary energy. • Pretreatment is a key component of integrated wastewater treatment systems. • Full-scale implementation of membrane technologies is highly desirable. Shale oil and gas exploitation not only consumes substantial amounts of freshwater but also generates large quantities of hazardous wastewater. Tremendous research efforts have been invested in developing membrane-based technologies for the treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater. Despite their success at the laboratory scale, membrane processes have not been implemented at full scale in the oil and gas fields. In this article, we analyze the growing demands of wastewater treatment in shale oil and gas production, and then critically review the current stage of membrane technologies applied to the treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater. We focus on the unique niche of those technologies due to their advantages and limitations, and use mechanical vapor compression as the benchmark for comparison. We also highlight the importance of pretreatment as a key component of integrated treatment trains, in order to improve the performance of downstream membrane processes and water product quality. We emphasize the lack of sufficient efforts to scale up existing membrane technologies, and suggest that a stronger collaboration between academia and industry is of paramount importance to translate membrane technologies developed in the laboratory to the practical applications by the shale oil and gas industry.     

无氧卸装催化剂危害因素分析及安全预防措施

为防止重油加氢装置无氧卸装催化剂时事故的发生,针对主要施工作业环节进行了危害因素分析,并提出了安全预防措施.     

新型硫化氢探测防护系统及其应用

介绍了硫化氢探测系统和防护系统的组成和原理．重点介绍了硫化氢的探测报警、防护功能,易于安装、拆卸的特点以度现场使用情况。建议在油气田勘探开发中推广使用。