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511.
Summary The water-soluble antioxidant, L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), proved elicitory to alterable anti-herbivory inGlycine max againstTrichoplusia ni larvae. Elicitation by vitamin C was influenced especially by dose, time after elicitation and space in the plant. Results allow an analogy between antioxidant and herbivory elicitation. Elicitation apparently involves a sulfhydryl-protein-dependent redox mechanism which can be significantly affected by antioxidants. Findings would also support a proposed common redox-based mechanism, involving the plasma membrane, for communication between plant and animal cells and their environments. 相似文献
512.
Jurdi M Korfali SI Karahagopian Y Davies BE 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,77(1):11-30
The increased demand on water resources in Lebanon as a resultof: progressive urbanization, socio-economic growth, agriculturalactivities and development of industries is, according to the national authorities, a major critical factor by the year 2010.Political difficulties in earlier years imply a dearth of pertinent data. The objective of this study was to evaluate water quality of the Qaraaoun Reservoir of the Litani River andassess its feasibility for multi-purpose usage as one of the solutions to the aggravated water problems in Lebanon. Sampleswere collected from 18 sampling sites at several dates duringthe dry season. Parameters analysed were, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, turbidity, alkalinity, Ca, Mg, TH, Cl-, SO4
2-, NH3, NO3
-,PO4
3-, Fe, Al, Na, Zn, Cr, Cu and As. The reported data were in compliancewith WHO guidelines, USEPA regulation and EEC directives. Statistical analysis of the data defined three distinct environmental zones and water quality in the central, main zone satisfied most criteria. It is concluded that the reservoir water is fit for multipurpose uses, namely, drinking, domestic,recreational activities, irrigation, fisheries, livestock and industrial, and should be properly managed accordingly. 相似文献
513.
Gossett R Baird R Christensen K Weisberg SB 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,81(1-3):269-287
Quality assurance procedures to ensure consistency among chemistry laboratories typically involves the use of standard methods and state certification programs that require laboratories to demonstrate their ability to attain generic performance criteria. To assess whether these procedures are effective for ensuring comparability when processing local samples with potentially complex matrices, seven experienced, state-certified laboratories participated in an intercalibration exercise. Each laboratory was permitted to use their typical methodology for quantifying PAH, PCB and DDT on shared samples collected from Santa Monica Bay and the Palos Verdes Shelf, two sites with a complex mix of constituents. In the initial intercalibration exercise, results from these laboratories differed by as much as an order of magnitude for all three chemical groups. Much, but not all, of the difference was attributable to differences in detection capability. A series of studies was conducted to identify the reasons for the observed differences, which varied among laboratories and included methodological differences, instrument sensitivity differences, and differing interpretations of chromatograms. Following these investigations and resulting modifications to laboratory procedures, the exercise was repeated. The average coefficient of variation among laboratories across all chemical parameters was reduced to less than 30%. Our results suggest that performance-based chemistry can produce comparable results, but the certification processes presently in place that focus on general laboratory procedures and simple matrices are insufficient to achieve comparability. 相似文献
514.
构建了一种活性炭三维电极耦合臭氧(3D/O3)的反应体系,研究了其对胜利油田压裂返排液COD的去除效果,探究了3D/O3体系的反应机制,考察了电流、臭氧浓度等过程参数对COD去除性能的影响.压裂返排液经3小时3D/O3处理后,COD去除率可达到78%,且在多个多周期运行后保持在60%以上.与之相比,单独三维电极和臭氧氧化仅能去除37%和17%的COD.研究结果表明,3D/O3体系可有效耦合活性炭吸附、电化学氧化、催化臭氧等多种反应机制,高效产生·OH氧化降解压裂返排液中的有机污染物和原位再生活性炭,有望为油田压裂返排液提供一种有效的处理技术. 相似文献
515.
安宁河河谷地区是四川省第二大粮仓,区内人口较多、矿业发达。查明流域水化学特征及物质来源,对于探讨地质背景与人为活动对河流水化学特征的影响具有重要意义。研究显示,安宁河河水整体偏弱碱性,pH均值为8.18,TDS值高于世界河流平均值。河水中阳离子浓度平均值顺序为Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+,阴离子浓度平均值顺序为HCO3- > Cl- > SO42- > NO3-。空间上,自上游至下游,安宁河河水的TDS值和阴阳离子含量呈整体上升的趋势,SO42-、NO3-浓度波动较大。控制流域水化学特征的主要因素是硅酸盐岩的风化,其次是碳酸盐岩的风化。流域内的NO3-主要来源于农业活动和土壤有机氮,矿业活动对安宁河河水中SO42-浓度的影响较大,人为活动对安宁河流域水化学的影响不可忽视。 相似文献
516.
湛江东海岛海雾雾水化学特征的对比分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用2010年和2011年在广东省湛江市东海岛海雾外场观测试验中获得的雾水样本和雾滴谱资料,对南海沿岸海雾化学特性进行研究.结果表明:2010年雾水的p H和电导率(EC)平均值分别为5.20和1884μS·cm-1,2011年的p H和EC平均值分别为3.34和505μS·cm-1.2011年雾水酸性变强的原因主要考虑到酸性物质比重增加.海洋源离子Cl-和Na+的离子浓度很高;SO_2-4和NO-3具有同源性,人为污染的贡献明显.2010和2011年总离子浓度(TIC)的平均值分别为38260μeq·L~(-1)和5600μeq·L~(-1),而实际大气中离子负荷量相差不大,主要是由于2011年观测地点海拔高度的升高会降低湍流因子的影响,减少粒径较大雾滴的沉降,从而促使液态水含量增加,在大气中污染物质浓度变化不大的情况下,离子浓度下降. 相似文献
517.
Yuhan Liu Keding Lu Huabin Dong Xin Li Peng Cheng Qi Zou Yusheng Wu Xingang Liu Yuanhang Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(5):273-284
In the last four decades, various techniques including spectroscopic, wet chemical and mass spectrometric methods, have been developed and applied for the detection of ambient nitrous acid (HONO). We developed a HONO detection system based on long path photometry which consists of three independent modules i.e., sampling module, fluid propulsion module and detection module. In the propulsion module, solenoid pumps are applied. With solenoid pumps the pulsed flow can be computer controlled both in terms of pump stroke volume and pulse frequency, which enables the attainment of a very stable flow rate. In the detection module, a customized Liquid Waveguide Capillary Cell (LWCC) is used. The customized LWCC pre-sets the optical fiber in-coupling with the liquid wave guide, providing the option of fast startup and easy maintenance of the absorption photometry. In summer 2014, our system was deployed in a comprehensive campaign at a rural site in the North China Plain. More than one month of high quality HONO data spanning from the limit of detection to 5 ppb were collected. Intercomparison of our system with another established system from Forschungszentrum Juelich is presented and discussed. In conclusion, our instrument achieved a detection limit of 10 pptV within 2 min and a measurement uncertainty of 7%, which is well suited for investigation of the HONO budget from urban to rural conditions in China. 相似文献
518.
519.
520.
Jennifer Atlee 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2011,19(5):459-463
In recent years the green building movement has focused increased attention on chemical hazards in building products and the need to select safer alternatives. This paper describes a number of tools available to architects and other building professionals and explores the product evaluation process behind one resource, BuildingGreen’s GreenSpec directory, as a window into the imperfect reality of alternatives assessment in the building design field. 相似文献