Isolation and identification of potential fungal species for spent engine lubrication oil remediation in Peninsular Malaysia

Improper disposal and spills of spent engine oil into the environment can result in contamination, which eventually affects humans through the food chain. Mycoremediation is an effective and inexpensive alternative to clean up spent engine oil contamination. In recent work, the potential effectiveness of fungi for degrading spent engine oil was confirmed, with the species identified through molecular identification. Fungi that were able to grow in Bushnell Haas Broth supplied with spent engine oil were identified with the potential to utilize spent engine oil as a carbon source. Six species of fungi namely Penicillium simplicissimum, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Aspergillus ustus, and Aspergillus flavus were successfully identified in this study. Over a course of seven days, P. simplicissimum (21.11 percent) was identified as the most effective fungi in degrading spent engine oil, followed by A. nidulans (17.75 percent), A. niger (15.85 percent), T. longibrachiatum (15.12 percent), A. ustus (15.02 percent), and A. flavus (11.80 percent). As these species of fungi were isolated from the natural environment in Peninsular Malaysia, the potential of using these fungi as mycoremediation of spent engine oil was therefore confirmed.     

大型油罐火灾爆炸危害范围研究

针对大型油罐火灾爆炸对人员伤亡危害范围的问题,采用PHAST软件模拟定量分析了外部环境（风速、大气稳定度、空气湿度）、初始条件（泄漏点离地高度、泄漏孔直径）和其他因素（防火堤面积）对火灾爆炸伤亡半径的影响,根据模拟结果拟合了外部环境和初始条件与池火灾和蒸气云爆炸危害范围的关系式。结果表明:在相同条件下,软件模拟与实验结果误差较小,该研究具有可信性;池火灾危害范围随风速、泄漏点离地高度、泄漏孔当量直径和防火堤面积的增加而增加,而与大气稳定度的关系不大;蒸气云爆炸危害范围随风速的增加而降低,随大气稳定度和泄漏孔当量直径的增加而增加,而与泄漏点离地高度和空气湿度影响不大;拟合得到的外部环境和初始条件与池火灾和蒸气云爆炸危害范围的关系式可为大型油罐火灾爆炸事故中相关作业人员的应急撤离提供决策参考。     

Effect of Fenton pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of olive mill wastewater and olive mill solid waste in mesophilic conditions

The olive mill waste (OMW) generated from olive oil extraction process constitutes a major environmental concern owing to its high organic and mineral matters and acidic pH. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a main treatment for reducing the organic matter and toxic substances contained in OMW and generating at the same time, energy in the form of biogas. AD of OMW that contains lignocellulose is limited by the rate of hydrolysis due to their recalcitrant structure. This study is devoted to the effect of Fenton process (FP) pretreatment on olive mill wastewater (OMSW) /olive mill solid waste (OMWW) co-digestion to improve their digestibility and in this way the biogas production. The FP pretreatment was performed in batch mode at 25°C, various H₂O₂/[Fe²⁺] ratios (100–1200), catalyst concentration ([Fe²⁺]) ranging from 0.25 to 2 mM, reaction time varying from 30 to150 min, and different pH (3–11). The best performance was obtained with H₂O₂/[Fe²⁺] = 1000, [Fe²⁺] = 1.5 mM, 120 min, and pH 3. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests conducted in batch wise digester and at mesophilic conditions (37 °C) showed that cumulative biogas and methane production were higher without FP treatment, and correspond to 699 and 416 mL/g VS, respectively. However, pre-treated OMSW results into an increase of 24% of methane yield. After 30 days of AD, the methane yield was 63%, 54%, and 48%, respectively, for OMSW treated without iron precipitation, with iron precipitation and untreated OMSW sample.     

城市污水处理厂污泥直接热化学液化处理技术

污泥直接热化学液化技术是国外８０年代开始发展的一项污泥处理兼资源回收技术。它可使污泥中有机质的４０％以上转化为燃料油（热值≥３３ＭＪ／ｋｇ）,相应的有机碳转化率达到９０％左右。整个过程为一能量净输出过程。本文对其发展源流、研究现状和发展前景进行了综述和讨论。     

变压器油中多氯联苯的测定

着重研究变压器油中多氯联苯(PCBs)测定的样品前处理技术,确定了变压器油中PCBs分离的最佳条件,并应用GC/ECD测定PCBs总量.回收率在86％-110％之间,变异系数1％-3％.此外,采用GC/MS联用方法对变压器油中PCBs进行了定性分析.     

餐饮业油烟气中醛类化合物的荧光法测定

提出了餐饮业油烟气中醛类化合物的荧光测定方法。通过试验选择丙醇作为油烟气中醛类化合物的吸收剂。研究了Ｈａｎｔｚｓｃｈ反应在测定油烟气中醛类化合物时的反应条件。样品与荧光试剂等体积混合,在ｐＨ６．０的体系中,５７℃下反应１５ｍｉｎ。     

铁路油罐车充装过程火灾爆炸危险性分析

铁路油罐车在成品油充装过程中,由于油品本身的易燃易爆特性以及静电等危险因素的作用,极易发生火灾爆炸事故. 通过对静电等危险因素产生的过程及原因进行分析,阐述了在充装工艺过程中,防止静电等危险有害因素产生的控制方法,并提出了在铁路油罐车成品油充装过程中,防止火灾爆炸事故发生的技术对策措施.     

石化生产污水深度处理试验研究

以某石化公司生产污水为原水,采用生化与物化处理相结合的主体工艺,研究了此工艺中各单元对有机污染物的去除效果,结果表明:当PAM用量为0.5 mg/L,加入PAC 20 mg/L,COD去除率为49.8%,臭氧氧化出水的CODCr没有明显降低,生物活性炭塔的使用可使COD去除率稳定在60%以上.废水经综合处理后COD总去除率可高于85%.因此,生化与物化相结合的生产工艺对于处理油田污水具有良好的前景.     

Air Pollution Zones and Harmful Pollution Levels of Alkaline Dust for Plants

For characterisation of landscapes in north-eastern Estoniaaffected by alkaline oil shale fly ash and cement dust the zonation-method based on average annual (C _y) and short-termconcentrations of pollutants in the air was used, as well as on deposition loads of dust and Ca²⁺. In the overground layer of atmosphere the zones with different air pollution loads were distinguished. A comparative analysis of pollution zones characteristics and biomonitoring data revealed that for sensitive lichen the dangerous level of alkaline dust in the air, introducingthe degradation of Sphagnum sp. at the level of C _y of dust 10–20 g m^-3 and at 0.5–1 hr maximums 100–150 g m^-3. For Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) this limited concentration (decline of growth parameters) of cement dust is correspondingly following: 30–50 g m^-3 and 150–500 g m^-3, in case of fly ash the limit level of C _y amounting 100 g m^-3. Daily deposition load of Ca²⁺ should not exceed approximately 4.5–15 mg m^-2 for lichen; for conifers the harmful pollution load is higher – >22 mg m^-2.     

清罐油泥资源化综合利用技术应用

采用清罐含油污泥资源化综合利用技术,处理后的含油污泥经检测其灰渣重金属含量均小于我国GB 15618-1995《土壤环境质量标准》和GB 4284-84《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》,灰渣浸出液达到GB5085.3-2007《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》二级标准、燃烧后产生的废气和烟尘达到GB 13271-2001《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》。解决了清罐油泥处理难的问题,同时符合国家推行清洁生产,大力发展循环经济的要求,使生产过程中的废物减量化、资源化、无害化,减小了油泥排污费用,具有显著环境效益和社会效益。