Institutional Responses to Climate Change: the Case of the Alaska Transportation System

Institutions managing the Alaska road,rail, airport, and marine highwaytransportation system and the pipelinecorridor are evaluated for reactions toevidence of climate change. Long-termclimate warming is not a formal criterionin the decisional process of the stateDepartment of Transportation and PublicFacilities for road and airport projects,which have a short (15–25 year) life span,but is taken into account for bridgeconstruction (50–75 year life). Short- tomid-term climate effects are considered inareas with discontinuous permafrost andaffect routing, roadbed construction, andmaintenance decisions. National standardsare amended with Alaska-specific practicesfor unique cold-weather conditions.The Federal/State Joint Pipeline Office(JPO), responsible for monitoring ofpipeline safety under the federal lease andstate grant, in 2001 developed additionalstipulations to mitigate permafrost thawingand slope instability, including a `watchlist' of 200 wobbling VSMs on theTrans-Alaska Pipeline. This action appearsmore responsive to climate change effectsthan that of any other arctic institutionstudied. It can be attributed to thespecific authority of the JPO to monitorgeotechnical conditions at present and inthe future.In general, agencies tended to adoptincremental responses to evidence ofclimate change.     

油脂废水处理方法探讨

针对油脂废水处理加石灰产生二次污染提出改进方法,采用厌氧技术用硫酸盐还原菌(Sulfate-ReductionBacteria,SRB)降解硫酸根,并在探讨性试验中得到初步验证。     

新型稠油原油污水高效破乳剂-PAMAM树形分子

通过保护与反保护的方法,合成了PAMAM稠油原污水高效破乳剂。探讨了原油废水的 pH值、温度,以及不同 PAMAM代数对稠油原油污水破乳效果的影响。联合无机高分子絮凝剂得了更好的效果。现场试验表明,PAMAM树形分子是一类性能优良的原油污水破乳剂。     

降低污水池外排含油量的有效措施

针对污水池外排含油量超标，加强污水池管理实施有效技术改造，降低外排水含油量，消除环境污染事故。     

废机油的处置及利用

工厂大量使用的废机油，经过预处理及酸、碱洗涤等步骤去除渣质，可以回收同原油一样使用。     

高温油品泄漏图象特性的实验研究

通过对不同性质的高温油品发生泄漏时图象特性的分析,工出泄漏油品蒸汽浓度与图象灰度之间的关系。在此基础上通过图象处理技术来判别出现的物质是否为泄漏油品,从而实现高温油品泄漏火灾的早期报警。     

机械行业含油污水处理方法的探讨

以机械行业的常见含润滑剂冷却废油污水为例 ,介绍了该污水产生的特点 ;絮凝法处理该含油污水的工艺及其处理效果。     

碱渣的氧化脱臭处理及回用

介绍我厂新建碱渣氧化脱臭装置工艺特点、运行情况及脱臭后常汽碱渣的回用情况。实践证明，此装置对常汽碱渣脱臭效果好，脱臭后碱渣完全无臭；脱臭后碱渣回用于精制油口，油品质量合格，对下游环烷酸装置的环烷酸质量亦无影响。     

Characterization of water-in-crude oil emulsions in oil spill response

The formation of water-in-crude oil emulsions occurs when crude oils are spired into sea. The water-in-crude oil emulsions significantly change the properties of the spilled crude oils and in turn influence the choices made relating to oil spill countermeasures. The water-in-crude oil emulsions were characterized using various techniques in this study. The environmental scanning dectron microscopy observation of water droplets in the emulsions is also presented. It is a powerful tool in emulsion observations.     

矿井水中微量乳化油处理试验研究

矿井水中存在的生量乳化油污染制约了其资源化程度，对它的处理已日益受到人们的重视。通过对多种吸附剂进行实验室试验。结果表明：状状活性炭有较好的吸附处理效果，并且对影响其吸附效果的有关因素进行了研究，在优化吸附条件下，通过投加混凝剂可使乳化油去除率达８５％以上。