行星滚丝工艺研究

此文对行星滚丝原理进行了深入细致的研究,在此基础上着重讨论了其滚压工具的设计与修复问题,并应用实例作了验证。     

A framework on interactions of climate and energy policy instruments

In this paper we analyze the concept of interactions between policy instruments addressing environmental, energy and climate change issues. Although discussion on such policies has been taking place for almost two decades, their interactions are not so sufficiently explored. Initially, we refer to literature on various types of interactions and we classify them. Furthermore, we construct a qualitative method that can assist policymakers in selecting an optimal policy mix. This method breaks down into numerous components, the areas where different policies interact, and facilitates the unveiling of potential overlaps and complementarities. These areas consist of categories as measure identification, objectives, scope, market arrangements, market flexibility, financing, technological parameters, timing, compliance parameters and institutional setup. In addition, it renders the possibility of combining different options and design elements of policies. Furthermore, a list of various criteria serves as an assessment tool for interactions, where a weighing factor and uncertainty parameters have been added, in order to produce an aggregate indicator of the ex-ante analysis of the policy mix selected. Through this method, we present a complete framework of discernment of diverse forms of environmental policy instruments.     

Lessons learnt from a participatory integrated assessment of greenhouse gas emission reduction options in firms

This article discusses an approach for identification and evaluation of short-term greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction options in firms. The approach is based on lessons learnt from a project using Participatory Integrated Assessment (PIA) and builds on the idea that effective public climate policy for firms requires options that have support from stakeholders and are practically feasible. Scenarios are used to provide a link with short-term policy developments and a model assists to communicate quantitative effects of options to participating stakeholders. Our approach can be seen as a first step towards a framework that meets the need for more systematic approaches to PIAs identifying effective public policies for short-term GHG emission reduction options in firms. In order to identify effective options for non-carbon dioxide GHG emission reductions, our approach has been applied to Dutch dairy farms, after which it has been refined. The case study suggests that our approach can provide balance between practical, context specific issues and scientific-theoretical aspects, thereby avoiding common pitfalls of participatory research projects to focus too much on either theory or practical issues.

流动海水环境中人工破损有机涂层的劣化过程研究

目的研究流动海水环境中人工破损有机涂层的劣化过程。方法使用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术对比研究流动海水与静止海水环境中破损涂层的劣化行为,跟踪观察涂层宏观形貌演变。结果根据EIS响应特征,发现流动海水中的人工破损有机涂层劣化更快,且在浸泡后期流动海水中破损涂层没有形成扩散阻抗。根据涂层宏观形貌发展,发现静止海水中涂层仅围绕破损处出现了面积较小的锈点和鼓泡,而流动海水中涂层因劣化而产生的锈点和鼓泡面积更大且大量分布在整个涂层表面。结论当人工破损有机涂层在流动海水和静止海水环境的浸泡过程中,涂层劣化首先从人工破损处开始。破损处成为局部腐蚀反应主要的阳极区,破损处周围的区域和涂层内在缺陷处成为扩展腐蚀反应的阴极区。流动海水中涂层的腐蚀产物累积与脱落更加频繁,导致涂层劣化速度加快和基体金属腐蚀加剧。     

固相微萃取技术及其在环境中的应用

通过论述当前的萃取技术的发展,提出了固相萃取技术的概念.详细的论述了固相微萃取技术的特点、萃取头的选择、在环境中的应用以及该技术的发展方向,说明了固相萃取技术在环境有机分析中有广阔的前景,是有机前处理的技术的发展方向.     

污水厂二级出水中难凝聚有机物的臭氧化特性

以城市污水处理厂二级出水为原水,研究臭氧化处理对水中难凝聚有机物的去除效果.结果表明单独混凝对水中有机物的去除率较低,混凝过程中未被去除的有机物属于难凝聚有机物,加入臭氧进行氧化,随着臭氧投加量的增加,二级出水色度和UV254去除率逐渐增大,而DOC去除率变化较小.当臭氧投加量(以O3/DOC计)增加至1.5 mg·mg-1时,色度、UV254和DOC的去除率分别为45%、34%和20%,说明臭氧易于与不饱和结构有机物反应,而直接氧化的矿化能力较弱.为进一步明确二级出水有机物种类和含量的变化,测定了混凝和不同臭氧投加量下有机物的相对分子质量和三维荧光光谱.结果表明混凝对有机物含量的影响很小,而臭氧能够优先氧化分解难凝聚有机物中的大分子物质,明显减弱腐殖质类物质的荧光峰强度,但不改变荧光峰位置.同时采用光电子能谱分析有机物结构的变化规律,结果表明混凝能够去除含羧基类官能团有机物,而臭氧则易于与含苯环类难凝聚有机物反应,随着臭氧投加量的增大,脂肪类饱和有机物含量有所升高.     

火电厂清洁生产的可持续性分析与评估

从企业生态角度分析了火电厂清洁生产的可持续性;运用能值理论对火电厂清洁生产的可持续性进行了评估;以某发电厂采用清洁生产为实例进行了可持续性分析,结果表明:火电厂清洁生产的可持续性明显提高。     

中国生态补偿政策评估与框架初探

按照法律法规、政府手段、市场机制的体系对中国现行的生态补偿机制与政策进行了系统的评估,总结了中国生态补偿机制和政策在法律法规体系、财政制度、重大生态建设工程、生态税费制度和市场交易模式等方面存在的问题和改进方向.在此基础上,基于不同尺度上的生态建设外部性问题,提出中国生态补偿机制和政策的初步框架,包括西部生态补偿、生态功能区补偿、流域生态补偿和生态要素补偿等.并针对当前生态补偿面临的紧迫问题和可能的应对措施,提出近阶段中国生态补偿应该重点突破的若干政策领域.      

全面推进可持续消费促进“十二五”环保目标实现

"十二五"规划中提出了加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,提高生态文明水平的环保目标,要求全面推进可持续消费,并对可持续消费的三个主体即政府、企业与消费者提出了新要求。为推动我国可持续消费促进"十二五"环保目标实现,作为主导者的政府,应该建立国家可持续消费管理框架及相关的法律法规制度,运用经济手段引导可持续消费,深化配套的支撑性制度,同时加大政府信息公开以及环保宣传力度。企业作为实践者,应该引进高效的绿色供应链管理模式,通过试点方式由点到线到面逐步展开,并统一信息化管理开展高效的交流与协作。而消费者应该积极参与可持续消费,行使选择可持续消费的权利,积极参与环保监督。     

积分安培离子色谱法测定地下水中碘化物的不确定度评定

本文对积分安培离子色谱法测定地下水中碘化物含量的不确定度进行了评定,标准曲线采用双误差拟合法,建立了不确定度评定模型,得出几种影响测定结果的因素。