零价铁-过二硫酸盐连续运行体系去除水中硝基苯

水中硝基苯(NB)的高毒性对人体健康具有极大的危害,因此,本文建立了零价铁-过二硫酸盐(Fe0-PS)连续运行体系以降解水中NB.研究结果表明,单独Fe0柱可还原降解NB,Fe0对不同浓度NB的还原效果均较好,随着流速的减慢及初始pH的降低,NB还原效果变好;但还原体系中总有机碳(TOC)基本没有去除,只是生成了中间产物苯胺(AN).Fe0-PS联合体系中,随着PS的投加,产生的Fe2+活化PS,发生了类Fenton反应,从而使还原产物AN得以氧化降解,TOC去除率可达54.8%;随着Fe0填充量的增加,氧化产物Fe2+随之增加,还原产物AN随之减少.可见,Fe0-PS连续运行体系,以Fe2+为媒介巧妙结合还原与氧化作用,能有效去除NB.     

微生物电容脱盐燃料电池性能研究

以微生物电容脱盐燃料电池(MCDC)为研究对象,考察了反应时间、盐溶液浓度和电容电极对数对MCDC脱盐效率的影响.试验采用阳离子交换膜分隔阳极室与脱盐室,阴离子交换膜分隔阴极室与脱盐室.试验结果显示在处理5 g·L-1的NaCl溶液试验中,脱盐室溶液盐度先降低后升高,在反应运行30 min时,脱盐室达到最大脱盐率47.83%.同时发现在脱盐过程中,阳极室和阴极室溶液盐度持续降低,运行150 min后分别下降到15.24%和6.12%.随盐溶液浓度的增加,脱盐率降低,单位电极吸附量增加,根据Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程的线性拟合得到,MCDC最大脱盐吸附容量为72.99 mg·g-1,电容吸附为复杂度的双分子层吸附.电极对数从1对增加到4对,MCDC的脱盐效率提高了37.37%.通过电容电极反接,可在1 h内实现电容再生.     

HG减阻剂在输油管道中的应用

介绍了添加HG减阻剂的试验情况.现场应用结果表明,添加HG减阻剂不仅具有较好的减阻效果和增输能力,提高了输送的经济效益,同时保证了输油生产安全平稳运行.     

APPLYING GRADIENT PROJECTION AND CONJUGATE GRADIENT TO THE OPTIMUM OPERATION OF RESERVOIRS1

The recent versions of nonlinear programming techniques such as the conjugate gradient and the gradient projection algorithms are used to obtain the optimal operating conditions of a multiple reservoirs system with multiple purposes. These algorithms are compared with other techniques in the literature. The conjugate gradient method incorporates the advantages of both the generalized Newton-Raphson, also known as the quasilinearization technique, and the gradient approach while avoiding their major drawbacks. To illustrate the technique, a water resources system with three reservoirs and a tabular objective function is solved by the two algorithms.     

论灾害救助实力

本文论述了当前我国灾害救助工作的宏观背景和主要矛盾,提出了新形势下灾害救助工作的出路在于改革传统的灾害救助体制,增强灾害救助实力,进而重点探讨了灾害救助实力的多元结构、运作原则和运行机制。     

铁路提速列车技术安全监测系统评价方法研究

铁路安全保障系统是一个复杂系统 ,应具有线路维修、区域安全运行、日常和临时限速命令的控制、车站地面设备与机车上司机的信息传达、列车运行调车监督等功能。铁路提速列车的安全技术监督系统既要兼顾既有系统的技术、设备 ,又要按照列车提速的技术要求进行标准化、计量化、质量等方面信息和功能设计 ,因此 ,笔者给出一种根据实时动态跟踪数据对提速列车的设备进行评价和预警分析属性评价方法。通过快速数据采集处理系统获取列车安全的重要参数 ;构造每个参数等级标准属性函数 ,计算出多参数综合属性 ,给出运行系统安全状态属性识别的综合评价结果 ,并以机车安全属性为例进行说明。     

油田特种作业人员的安全管理

调查分析了胜利采油厂特种作业人员培训持证工作现状,查找了管理中存在的问题,结合实际提出加强特种作业人员安全管理的建议。     

人机操作界面中有或无外部反应对后继作业的干扰作用

实验结果提示：在高速复杂人机系统操作界面的优化设计中,有或无外部反应都不能消除对后继作业的瓶颈干扰。但是,有外部反应比无外部反应,对后继作业的瓶颈干扰更大;无外部反应降低了瓶颈的干扰强度,从而显示出提高了被交叠作业绩效的趋向。另外,降低反应选择复杂度可有效提高被交叠作业的绩效     

THE VALUE OF STREAMFLOW FORECASTING IN RESERVOIR OPERATION1

ABSTRACT: The value of streamflow forecasts in reservoir operation depends on a number of factors and may vary considerably. Assessment of forecast benefits is presented here for three specific systems. Statistical streamflow models of increasing forecasting ability are coupled with a recently developed stochastic control method in extensive simulation experiments. The performance of the system is statisticafly evaluated with regard to energy generation and flood and drought prevention. The results indicate that forecast benefits are system specific and may range from quite substantial to fairly minimal.     

A SEPARABLE LINEAR ALGORITHM FOR HYDROPOWER OPTIMIZATION1

ABSTRACT: A deterministic, separable, linear algorithm is presented for maximizing aggregate hydropower production. The method is iterative and amenable to solution using standard LP software. The utility of the technique is demonstrated using several test applications involving a hypothetical single-purpose hydropower reservoir and a monthly increment 20-year flow record from the Gunpowder River in Maryland. The separable linearized forms solved quickly using MPSX on a variety of IBM hardware: 3090-400 VF, 3084 QX, dual processor 4381-3, and an AT/370 personal computer. For comparison purposes, the original nonlinear nonseparable version of the model was also solved using MINOS. This yielded a value of aggregate hydropower marginally higher than that using MPSX. The separable, linearized methodology proved to be a useful and an efficient means of generating good starting points for MINOS. The use of these warm starts effected substantial reductions in MINOS execution times.