坑口电厂排土场废弃物排放的环境影响及防治措施

阐述了坑口电站排土场废弃物排放对环境产生的影响并提出了排土场污染防治措施．     

Public acceptance and risk-benefit perception of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> geological storage for global warming mitigation in Japan

CO₂ geological storage will be one of the cost-effective options for global warming mitigation, and this technology is under development widely in the world. However, the technology may face the challenge of public acceptance before its implementation. In order to evaluate the public acceptance, questionnaire surveys were conducted among Japanese university students. A cognitive map of geological storage, together with other major global warming mitigation options, everyday life activities, etc., was constructed by means of a statistical analysis of the responses to the questionnaire. The risk-benefit cognitive map consists of the following factors: “risk perception,” “benefit perception,” and “public acceptance.” The risk perception is further disaggregated into “dread risk” and “unknown risk.” Additionally, a second survey was conducted after providing the students with additional information on global warming and CO₂ geological storage, and the effects of the information on their perceptions were evaluated. The effects of risk and benefit perceptions on public acceptance were evaluated and discussed based on the cognitive maps representing the perceptions before and after providing the information. The analyses revealed that the benefit perception was more influential than the risk perception on the public acceptance of CO₂ geological storage. The benefit perception increased greatly after providing the information; however, the unknown risk remained considerably large. Further, RD&D relating unknown risk, for example, the monitoring technology for stored CO₂ and the risk assessment of CO₂ leakage, and the supply of related information to the public would be beneficial for increasing the public acceptance.     

Comparative studies on utilizing nitrogen capacity between two macroalgae Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui (rhodophyta) and Ulva pertusa (chlorophyta). I. Nitrogen storage under nitrogen enrichment and starvation

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｗｉｄｅｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎｏｆｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｍａｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｈａｓｏｆｔｅｎｂｅｅｎａｃｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｄｂｙｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｎａｔｕｒａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｎｄｃａｕｓｅｓｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｏｆｗａｔｅｒｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｎｔｕｒｎｌｉｍｉｔｓｉｔｓｏｗｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ (Ｃｏｈｅｎ ,1991;Ｔｒｏｅｌｌ,1997;Ｎａｙｌｏｒ,1998) .Ａｍｍｏｎｉａｉｓａｍａｊｏｒｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｏｆｔｈｅａｑｕａｔｉｃａｎｉｍａｌｍｅ…     

雷州半岛桉树人工林地的生物改良研究

研究雷州半岛桉树人工林地的生物改良途径。结果表明；桉树林下间种绿肥、牧草或菠萝，可以提高林地覆盖度，增加林地枯落物，提高土壤肥力，促进桉树的生长。筛选出比较适宜于桉树人工林下间种的植物品种，并对间种的经济效益作了初步分析。     

桉树人工林生态系统养分循环与平衡研究Ⅰ. 桉树人工林生态系统的养分贮存

采用田间试验和定位方法，在标准样地中研究养分的输入、输出和贮存。桉树人工林生态系统的养分贮存，包括土壤、桉树林分和凋落物三者贮存的养分。在田间试验的基础上，获得了大量的分析数据。论述了刚果W5桉树人工林生态系统土壤养分的贮存量、林分的养分贮存量和凋落物层的养分贮存量以及上述分系统内大、中量元素的含量比例。土壤养分的贮存量，全量养分以K最多，其次为N、P；有效养分贮存量大小的顺序为N，K，Ca，P，Mg，Mn，Zn，Cu，B。桉树林分的总养分贮存量，是逐年增加的，但以第2年的增量最大；各元素贮量大小，则每年不同。凋落物层的养分贮存量，总体上逐年增长，但以第4年最多；各元素贮存量大小的顺序为N，Ca，Mg，K，P。这些结果，对于指导桉树施肥，有重要的参考价值。     

热空气处理对荔枝生理特性和贮藏效果的影响

以黑叶荔枝为材料,以成熟季节的大气平均温度[θ=(30±1.5)℃]为基础,研究35℃、38℃热空气分别处理6 h、12 h和24 h对果实生理特性与贮藏效果的影响.与CK相比,温度升幅增大或处理时间延长,显著提高果皮多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、果皮过氧化物酶(POD)活性、果实呼吸速率、果皮丙二醛(MDA)含量和果皮质膜相对透性,显著降低果肉可溶性固形物(SS)含量、果肉可滴定酸(TA)含量、果皮花色素苷含量和好果率.POD活性和MDA含量可作为果实生理活性的指标.图6表2参10     

The Contribution of Drinking Water towards Dental Fluorosis: A case study of Njoro Division, Nakuru District, Kenya

This study was carried out to measure the fluoride levels of water consumed in the Njoro division of Nakuru district, Kenya. The sources of drinking water, methods of water storage and utilisation, as well as the perceptions of the local community towards dental fluorosis and the percentage of children with moderate to severe dental fluorosis were also determined. Rainwater had mean fluoride levels of 0.5 mg L^-1, dams 2.4 mg L^-1, wells 4.1 mg L^-1, springs 5.5 mg L^-1, and boreholes 6.6 mg L^-1. Water stored in plastic and cement containers did not show appreciable reduction in fluoride content with storage time; water stored in metal containers reduced fluoride by up to 8.2%; water stored in clay pots had the highest reduction in fluoride content, ranging between 34.3 and 64.7%;. Forty eight point three percent of children observed in the area had moderate to severe dental fluorosis, even though most people in the area did not know the cause of the problem.There is need to educate the community on the causes of fluorosis, and to lay strategies for addressing the issue, such as encouraging more rainwater harvesting, treating drinking water with alum, or using clay pots for storage of drinking water.     

Removal and recovery of metals from a coal pile runoff

The removal and recovery of heavy metals from a coal pilerunoff water using a mixture of multiple metal-tolerantbacterial strains of ATCC 55673, and ATCC 55674 and a Pseudomonas sp. was investigated. The analysis of elementalcomposition of metal precipitates recovered from the bacterialbiomass by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersiveX-ray analysis revealed the presence of metals originally presentin the wastewater. In addition, analysis of metals in culturesupernatant and bacterial biomass by inductively coupled plasmaemission spectroscopy (ICP-ES) indicated a removal range of 82-100% and a recovery of 15-58% of metals from the wastewater and bacterial biomass, respectively.     

POTENTIAL FOR AUGMENTING WATER YIELD THROUGH FOREST PRACTICES IN WESTERN WASHINGTON AND WESTERN OREGON1

Western Washington and western Oregon comprise a water-rich region that has a very uneven annual distribution of both precipitation and streamflow. Highest demand for water coincides with lowest streamflow levels between July 1 and September 30 when less than 5 percent of annual water yield occurs. Increases in annual water yield in small, experimental watersheds in the region have ranged up to 600 mm after entire watersheds were logged and up to 300 mm in watersheds that were 25 to 30 percent logged. Most of the increase has occurred during the fall-winter rainy season, and yield increases have been largest during the wettest years. Estimated sustained increases in water yield from most large watersheds subject to sustained yield forest management are at best only 3-6 percent of unaugmented flows. Realistically, watersheds in this region will not be managed to produce more water. Water yield augmentation will continue to be only a small and variable by-product of logging. The utility of water yield augmentation is limited by its size and by its occurrence relative to the time of water demand. In some local areas, reduction of fog interception and drip or establishment of riparian phreatophytic hardwoods may reduce summer flows.     

ESTIMATING RUNOFF VOLUMES FROM URBAN AREAS1

ABSTRACT: Estimations of runoff volumes from urban areas can be made by the equation Q = a A σ(P_e– b), where Q is the runoff volume, a is the part of the total area A Contributing to runoff, P_e is the rainfall amount for a single event, and b is the initial rainfall losses. For the evaluation of a and b, rainfall/runoff measurements were made in five areas of sizes between 0.035 km² and 1.450 km². By linear regression analysis of rainfall volumes versus runoff volumes, the initial rainfall losses were found to vary from 0.38 mm to 0.70 mm for the different areas. The parts of the areas contributing to runoff were found to be proportional to the impermeable parts of the mas. The equation is applicable in urban areas with well defined paved surfaces and roofs and with a negligible amount of runoff from permeable areas.