Depth perception,dark adaptation,vigilance and accident proneness of Chinese coal mine workers

To explore the relationships between human factors and accident proneness of coal mine workers, the depth perception, dark adaptation and vigilance abilities of 239 Chinese coal mine workers were tested and their accident proneness was surveyed with an accident proneness questionnaire. The results indicated that dark adaptation and vigilance abilities of the mine workers declined with increasing age. Vigilance had a significant negative relationship with accident proneness. There were significant differences in vigilance between coal mine workers doing different types of work. Individual difference in vigilance was relevant to the type of work that an individual did in a coal mine. The dark adaptation index had a significant positive relationship with accident proneness. Coal mine workers with weaker dark adaptation ability were also more accident prone. Some ergonomics recommendations concerning coal mine safety management in China are proposed.     

颗粒状污泥活性炭流化床吸附处理含铜矿山废水

以城市污水处理厂活性污泥为原料,通过高温热解制备了颗粒状污泥活性炭吸附剂。在自制的流化床吸附装置上研究了该吸附剂对含铜矿山废水的吸附处理效果。实验结果表明：在初始废水pH6、吸附剂加入量15g/L、废水循环流量6.0L/min、吸附时间120min的最佳吸附条件下,废水中Cu²⁺去除率达98.2%。     

酸性矿井水中和沉淀法除铁优化

针对山西某煤矿高矿化度、高铁酸性矿井水除铁效果差、出水容易返色等问题,采用NaOH中和调pH、曝气及化学氧化等处理工艺进行酸性矿井水中和沉淀法除铁优化实验研究。结果表明,采用NaOH中和沉淀法除铁时,投加中和剂使出水pH达6.7以上时,出水中铁含量低于10 mg/L,满足排放要求。对于本实验废水NaOH所需投加量为2.8 g/L,铁的去除率可达到99.75%;以H2O2对原水进行氧化处理,可迅速将Fe(Ⅱ)氧化成Fe(Ⅲ),其用量与原水中Fe(Ⅱ)的含量成正比。当其用量为1.6 mL/L时,可将原水中的Fe(Ⅱ)完全转化为Fe(Ⅲ),投加中和剂使出水pH达到4.5以上时,能使出水中铁含量满足排放要求。对于实验废水所需的NaOH投加量为2.0 g/L,比直接中和沉淀所需的NaOH用量要节省28.6%。曝气处理对原水中Fe(Ⅱ)的氧化效果不明显。     

我国资源型企业对外直接投资区位选择研究——以铁矿企业为例

世界铁矿资源分布不均匀,导致世界各国对铁矿资源的争夺非常激烈。在资源所在国直接投资是获取铁矿资源的主要方式之一,而投资区位选择又直接关系到铁矿企业与企业所在国对外直接投资的成败。分析了我国铁矿企业对外直接投资现状,指出了其存在的问题,探讨了铁矿资源丰富国家的投资环境,对我国铁矿企业对外直接投资风险的影响,并对我国铁矿企业的对外投资区位选择提出了建议。     

某矿区土壤和地下水重金属污染调查与评价

为了解湘南某矿区土壤和地下水重金属污染状况,对该矿区东河流域附近重金属污染源进行了调查,同时,对地下水和土壤样品进行了采样分析,结果表明：（1）该矿区东河流域附近的主要污染源有18个,其中有色金属选厂、尾矿库、采矿场和冶炼厂是排放重金属较多的污染源;（2）20个采样点中土壤重金属Pb、Cd、Zn、As和Hg大部分超过国家土壤环境质量标准（GB15618-1995）,综合污染指数P综〉1,该矿区主要的重金属污染元素为Cd、As和Hg,且土壤中Cd、Zn和As的含量两两之间存在着极显著的正线性相关关系;（3）重金属元素在土壤中的纵向迁移不明显,该矿区附近20个采样点的地下水并未受到污染,综合污染指数P综〈1。20个采样点地下水Pb、Cd、Zn、As、Hg浓度均能达到地下水质量标准（GB／T14848．9）中的Ⅲ类标准。     

矿山尾矿酸性废水源头控制技术研究进展

矿山尾矿酸性废水的治理是采矿行业关注的一个热点问题。作者在论述矿山尾矿酸性废水的成因、水质特征及危害的基础上,评述了主要的源头控制技术方法,包括尾矿脱硫技术、施用T.f菌杀菌剂技术、覆盖法、表面钝化处理技术,指出了各种源头控制技术方法在实际应用中面临的一些问题,提出源头控制技术和末端治理技术的联合使用将会是未来研究的重点。     

矿区生态环境遥感监测数据库系统设计与实现

以肥城矿区为背景,基于Personal Geodatabase模型构建了空间数据库,采用C#作为开发语言,借助ArcGIS Engine的控件开发了矿区生态环境遥感监测数据库系统.根据数据获取方式不同,将空间数据库分为基础地理数据库、专题数据库、实地监测数据库和表格数据库4部分,系统实现了矿区空间数据和属性数据的统一存储和管理,多时相遥感数据的对比分析,水质、土壤湿度的动态监测,矿区各类地物面积的统计分析等功能.     

Arsenic contamination and potential health risk implications at an abandoned tungsten mine, southern China

In an extensive environmental study, field samples, including soil, water, rice, vegetable, fish, human hair and urine, were collected at an abandoned tungsten mine in Shantou City, southern China. Results showed that arsenic (As) concentration in agricultural soils ranged from 3.5 to 935 mg kg⁻¹ with the mean value of 129 mg kg⁻¹. In addition, As concentration reached up to 325 μg L⁻¹ in the groundwater, and the maximum As concentration in local food were 1.09, 2.38 and 0.60 mg kg⁻¹ for brown rice, vegetable and fish samples, respectively, suggesting the local water resource and food have been severely contaminated with As. Health impact monitoring data revealed that As concentrations in hair and urine samples were up to 2.92 mg kg⁻¹ and 164 μg L⁻¹, respectively, indicating a potential health risk among the local residents. Effective measurements should be implemented to protect the local community from the As contamination in the environment.     

矿山生态环境恢复治理保证金制度在迁安的实践

以迁安市矿山环境恢复治理保证金制度实施情况及效果的调查为基础,总结了迁安市的成功实践经验,强化全社会对资源环境问题的认识,健全矿山生态环境建设责任制,建立矿山生态环境保护与治理数据库,提高矿山环境治理的技术水平。     

Zero-valent iron nanoparticles in treatment of acid mine water from in situ uranium leaching

Acid mine water from in situ chemical leaching of uranium (Straz pod Ralskem, Czech Republic) was treated in laboratory scale experiments by zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI). For the first time, nZVI were applied for the treatment of the real acid water system containing the miscellaneous mixture of pollutants, where the various removal mechanisms occur simultaneously. Toxicity of the treated saline acid water is caused by major contaminants represented by aluminum and sulphates in a high concentration, as well as by microcontaminants like As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, U, V, and Zn. Laboratory batch experiments proved a significant decrease in concentrations of all the monitored pollutants due to an increase in pH and a decrease in oxidation-reduction potential related to an application of nZVI. The assumed mechanisms of contaminants removal include precipitation of cations in a lower oxidation state, precipitation caused by a simple pH increase and co-precipitation with the formed iron oxyhydroxides. The possibility to control the reaction kinetics through the nature of the surface stabilizing shell (polymer vs. FeO nanolayer) is discussed as an important practical aspect.