湖北省工业用地集约利用综合评价——基于365家典型工业企业的问卷调查

通过构建由用地结构、用地强度、土地投入和土地产出4个子目标层、9个因素层组成的工业企业土地集约利用评价指标体系,采用Bayes判别法,对湖北省9个工业行业的365家典型工业企业土地集约度进行判别分析,并对中度和低度利用企业可挖掘潜力进行了测算。结果显示:365家企业中,集约利用企业共82家,占企业总数的22.47%,中度和低度利用企业共215家,占企业总数的58.90%;集约利用企业比例较大的是金属冶炼及压延加工业和通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业,中度和低度利用企业比例较大的是专用设备制造业、医药制造业和化学原料及化学品制造业。中度和低度企业集约利用潜力总面积为865.70 hm²,占企业批准用地总面积的42.83%,土地集约利用潜力巨大。     

基于DEA的中小型工矿企业安全管理能力评价研究

对中小型工矿企业安全管理能力的内涵进行界定,从现实能力和潜在能力两个层面建立中小型工矿企业安全管理能力的评估指标体系,并运用DEA模型进行评价。研究结果表明:该评价方法有效地反映中小型工矿企业安全管理能力,并且说明具体的改进方向,为企业提升安全管理水平提供一种思路和方法。     

Seasonal distribution and speciation of mercury in a gold mining area,north-west province,South Africa

The seasonal speciation of mercury (Hg) was determined in water, soil, and sediments from watersheds located in the North-West province of South Africa. The study area is known to have a long history of mining activities which also include the recovery of gold from old tailings. Both inorganic (IHg) and methyl mercury (MHg) were detected at high concentrations (up to 8480 μg IHg kg^?1 and 13 μg MHg kg^?1) in surface sediments during dry season. A considerable remobilization of Hg from bottom sediments was observed in water from dry to wet season as well as the migration of Hg away from pollution sources due to seasonal influences. Hg in sediments mostly has been speciated as Hg⁰. Enhancement of Hg methylation occurred mainly in deeper sediments at regions corresponding to the lowest redox potential, higher pH, and enrichment of IHg. Hg values in borehole waters were very high (up to 3310 ng L^?1) suggesting a serious contamination of the site groundwater which needs to be addressed urgently in order to minimize further impact that affects the Vaal River and other water systems located nearby.     

接种丛枝菌根对鬼针草吸收煤矿区土壤重金属的影响

以广东梅州明山煤矿尾矿区土著先锋植物鬼针草(Bidens bipinnata)为研究对象,开展3种黄土与煤矸石基质配比条件下根内球囊霉(Glomus intraradices BGC BJ09)(A1)、摩西球囊霉(G.mosseae BGC NM01A)(A2)、摩西球囊霉(G.mosseae BGC HEB07B)(A3)和地表球囊霉(G.versiforme BGC GD01C)(A4)这4种丛枝菌根真菌接种对土壤重金属的吸收对比研究。结果表明,从宿主生物量、菌根侵染率及侵染强度、孢子密度、根系活力来看,A4是最适合鬼针草的菌种。与对照(4种菌剂混合后灭菌)相比,A1可显著促进地上部Cd吸收;4种菌根对Cu和Mn的吸收-排斥效应均不显著,但接种A3对地下部Cu和Mn以及接种A4对地下部Mn的移除量显著增加;接种4种菌根处理的Ni移除量均显著增加。接种菌根且覆土少(2 cm厚黄土覆于9 cm厚煤矸石上)的处理植株生物量均高于不接种且覆土厚(7 cm厚黄土覆于4 cm厚煤矸石上)的处理,说明接种菌根具有抵消由于覆土少而导致的植株生物量降低的潜力,极大地节约复垦费用。     

矿山循环水中SO42-的脱除研究

采用吸附法、七铝酸十二钙法、石灰-氯化铝絮凝沉淀法对矿山循环水中高浓度SO24-的脱除进行研究。结果表明:单纯采用吸附法来处理废水,处理后水中的SO24-远不能达到工业用水标准;实验室制备的七铝酸十二钙对SO24-的去除效果不理想,仅为35%,也无法达到工业用水标准;采用石灰-氯化铝絮凝沉淀法处理废水时,当Al3+投加量为420mg/L,pH值为11时,去除率高达90%以上,可使废水中的SO24-质量浓度从1 800 mg/L降至200mg/L以下,完全可循环回用于矿山的选矿和采矿生产。     

基于熵权法和物元分析的采空区危险性评价研究

为了更精确合理地评价采空区危险性,针对采空区危险性评价中涉及的各因素复杂性和不相容性特点,运用熵权法与物元分析建立采空区危险性评价模型。从地质条件和工程实际出发,考虑采空区稳定性的14项影响因素,基于多指标优化融合的思想,通过物元变换建立采空区危险性评价的物元体系,计算评价指标对评价等级的关联度,引入熵权法确定评价指标的权重,然后根据采空区危险性对评价等级的关联度确定采空区危险性等级。将该方法用于评价湖南冷水江锡矿山8个采空区的危险性,得出其危险性等级分别为Ⅲ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅳ级和Ⅳ级,该评价结果与实际情况相符。     

输煤巷道通风排尘特征参数数值模拟优化研究

针对输煤巷道煤炭运输过程中煤尘污染问题,利用数值模拟的方法,对不同风速下的煤尘颗粒运移规律、巷道底板沉积煤尘粒子扬尘规律进行模拟。通过对两种模拟结果进行对比分析,确定在一般干燥巷道中排尘风速以1.5～2.7 m/s为宜,既有利于粒径小于24μm的煤尘颗粒排出井外,也有利于粒径大于24μm的煤尘颗粒沉降;并且风速+带速不超过4m/s为宜,可以把粒径小于30μm的煤尘颗粒排出井外,很好地起到风流稀释作用。并与现场实测结果进行对比,结论基本一致。     

A new coal pillars design method in order to enhance safety of the retreat mining in room and pillar mines

Most of the proposed methods for coal pillar design determine pillar dimensions using pillar load estimation only through the tributary area theory. Designing pillar based on these methods is not appropriate in room and pillar mines with pillar recovery because retreat mining and gob creation generate abutment loads. Neglecting abutment loads in design stage may lead to pillar failure and destructive effects during retreat mining. Thus proper pillar design has a remarkable effect on mining safety. In this paper, a step-by-step method is presented to design pillars with square shape in room and pillar mines with regard to existing pillars in the active mining zone (AMZ) and estimating abutment loads according to experimental equations. A decrease in pillar failure risk during retreat mining is the most significant benefit of this method. This method has been applied to determine optimum pillar dimensions in the main panel of Tabas Central Mine (TCM), located in the mid-eastern part of Iran. Obtained results show the abutment loads account for 27% of the total loads applied on pillars in AMZ in this panel. Pillar width, based on this method, is also obtained 11.6 m.     

二次采动下沿空留巷围岩变形及其控制研究

针对二次采动下沿空留巷围岩变形控制困难问题,揭示了沿空留巷围岩变形规律,建立了二次采动下沿空留巷围岩变形力学模型,推导出了围岩变形的理论公式,据此分析了围岩变形的影响因素,提出了支护对策,并进行了工程实践。结果表明:围岩变形理论公式与现场实测值基本一致;顶底板移近量以底鼓为主,底鼓量为直接底压曲量与老底挠曲量的最大值;各因素对围岩变形影响程度依次为巷旁支护体宽度、迭加应力集中系数、采高、采深、老底弹性模量。围岩变形控制对策应围绕关键性影响因素进行,据此提出“锚网索+高强度墩柱+老底注浆”耦合支护对策,工程实践表明,沿空留巷围岩变形稳定,得到了有效控制。     

硫酸盐腐蚀作用下膏体充填材料蠕变特性研究

为研究硫酸盐腐蚀后膏体充填材料的蠕变特性,采用饱和的Na2SO4溶液对充填体进行腐蚀试验,并对各个腐蚀时间不同的充填体采用TAW2000型岩石三轴试验机进行三轴蠕变试验。根据试验数据建立膏体充填材料的蠕变本构模型,将一个应变触发的非线性粘壶串联到Burgers模型上,建立满足充填体蠕变特性的改进Burgers模型,并推导其一维和三维蠕变本构方程。研究结果表明:在硫酸盐腐蚀作用下,充填体的蠕变变形在腐蚀6d时出现了一定的减少,但随着腐蚀时间的推移蠕变变形明显加大,在应力较大时出现了加速蠕变并导致试件破坏,硫酸盐腐蚀作用严重影响了充填效果;建立的改进的Burgers模型与试验数据基本吻合,能够反映腐蚀后充填体蠕变规律。