黄土地区灰渣库地质灾害危险性评估

以河南黄土地区某灰渣库为例,介绍了地质灾害危险性评估的主要内容和方法.评估区地质灾害类型为崩塌、滑坡、水库塌岸、泥石流、黄土湿陷及黄土陷穴.对地质灾害的危险性及建设场地的适宜性进行了评估,并提出了相应的地质灾害防治措施.     

耐铜细菌的筛选及其吸附条件优化

从电镀厂废水污泥中分离到一株高耐铜的菌株 ,它能耐受Cu2 + 的最高浓度为 560mg/L ,通过形态学观察及生理生化特性测定 ,初步鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌 (Pseudomonasaeruginosa) ,并通过正交试验确定该菌吸附Cu2 + 的最佳条件为pH 5 .0 ,接触反应时间为 0 .5h ,摇床转速为 50r/min ,菌量为 1 0 0mg。在最佳条件下 ,该菌对Cu2 + 的吸附量可达 1 4 .68mg/g。     

Ecohydrological impact–assessment modeling: an example for terrestrial ecosystems in Noord-Holland, the Netherlands

In the Netherlands the increasing demand for ecohydrological models on a regional (provincial) scale has resulted in the development of an empirical statistical impact–assessment model for semi-natural terrestrial herbaceous ecosystems. This model, called ITORS, describes the relationship between plant species and site factors such as soil, groundwater and management. The model, developed for the region of Noord-Holland, is applied to support provincial policy on soil and water management. The empirical statistical approach required the collection of a large set of field data, describing the biotic and environmental variation of a variety of semi-natural terrestrial ecosystems in Noord-Holland. These data were used to calculate species response models with help of logistic regression, resulting in significant models for 130 out of 144 species. Significant species response models were incorporated in the computer program ITORS. With help of ITORS the effect of various management scenarios can be easily evaluated, which is demonstrated by an example. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A2O小试系统与实际工艺单元中OPEs去除的比较

污水处理厂出水是环境中OPEs的重要来源,且污水处理厂的生物处理单元可去除部分OPEs.为了更好的研究污水处理厂工况条件,以达到优化去除宏量有机物和微量有机物的目的,良好的小试装置必不可少.本研究在实验室设计并安装了一套A²O小试装置,根据有机磷酸酯的结构特点,在进水中投加了3种代表性的有机磷酸酯.比较了小试装置中与实际工艺单元中这3种有机磷酸酯的去除规律,发现OPEs在A²O小试中的去除规律与实际工艺单元中相似,磷酸三丁氧酯（TBEP）在两种工况下去除效果均较好,总去除率分别为84.6%与83.6%,磷酸三（1-氯-2-丙基）酯（TCPP）去除效果均较差.在不同处理单元中,由于厌氧池中主要发生水解作用,TCPP在两种工况下的厌氧池中都可去除,且在A²O小试厌氧池中的去除率（57.7%）优于实际工艺（25.5%）.TBEP的去除主要发生在好氧池中,且A²O小试二沉池可以有效去除TBEP（67.9%）,优于实际工艺的二沉池.两种工况下,好氧池曝气强度较大,引入磷酸三（1-氯-2-丙基）酯（TCPP）不易降解,TCPP在好氧池去除效果较差.除此之外,优化了小试装置的OPEs的检测取样量保证检测的准确性.     

Greenhouse gas emissions from oilfield-produced water in Shengli Oilfield, Eastern China

Greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions from oil and gas systems are an important component of the GHG emission inventory. To assess the carbon emissions from oilfield-produced water under atmospheric conditions correctly, in situ detection and simulation experiments were developed to study the natural release of GHG into the atmosphere in the Shengli Oilfield,the second largest oilfield in China. The results showed that methane(CH4) and carbon dioxide(CO2) were the primary gases released naturally from the oilfield-produced water.The atmospheric temperature and release time played important roles in determining the CH4 and CO2emissions under atmospheric conditions. Higher temperatures enhanced the carbon emissions. The emissions of both CH4 and CO2from oilfield-produced water were highest at 27°C and lowest at 3°C. The bulk of CH4 and CO2was released from the oilfield-produced water during the first release period, 0–2 hr, for each temperature, with a maximum average emission rate of 0.415 g CH4/(m3·hr) and 3.934 g CO2/(m3·hr), respectively. Then the carbon emissions at other time periods gradually decreased with the extension of time. The higher solubility of CO2 in water than CH4 results in a higher emission rate of CH4 than CO2over the same release duration. The simulation proved that oilfield-produced water is one of the potential emission sources that should be given great attention in oil and gas systems.     

不同碳氮比条件下小型规模污水处理厂的运行模式分析研究

以4个小型规模的污水处理厂为经营实例,探讨了进水的碳氮比例长期维持在高碳高氮、高碳低氮、低碳高氮和低碳低氮4种条件下,每种特征进水会对污水处理厂的运营所造成的困难。强调了如何运用工艺调整和成本控制,选择适宜的运行模式,用以优化污水处理厂的经营工况,在确保生化系统稳定运行的同时,使之达到水务行业内正常的毛利率水平,具有推广和应用的价值。     

粘土岩处置库陇东预选区社会经济条件调查研究

对陇东地区进行社会经济条件调查,得出陇东地区内有庆阳市和平凉市两大城市,以2013年统计数据为准,庆阳市和平凉市平均人口密度分别为97人/平方千米和219人/平方千米,均高于甘肃省平均人口密度(61人/平方千米);陇东地区生产总值达947．29亿元,占甘肃省生产总值的15．11%,属经济发达地区;且陇东地区含有丰富的煤炭和石油资源;可以得知陇东地区区域人口密度高,经济发达,资源丰富。从社会经济条件分析,陇东地区不适合作为中国高放废物粘土岩地质处置库预选区。     

混凝-超滤组合工艺处理鱼粉加工废水

鱼粉加工废水COD_Cr很高,需要进行处理后才能排入市政管网。开发了混凝-超滤组合处理鱼粉加工废水的新工艺,确定了混凝剂、助凝剂的最佳投量,以及超滤膜工艺的运行参数。实验结果表明,利用混凝-超滤组合工艺处理鱼粉加工废水,处理后的水COD_Cr为264 mg/L,达到《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》(CJ343-2010)的排放标准。     

SO2/SO3对选择性催化还原烟气脱硝的影响研究

研究表明，燃料燃烧过程中不同的SO2/SO3转化率对选择性催化还原（ Selective Catalytic Reduction，SCR）烟气脱硝的最低运行温度影响大，温度变化幅度为10~15℃。对燃烧高硫煤锅炉的SCR烟气脱硝，应控制更低的SO2/SO3转化率；对燃烧低硫煤锅炉的SCR烟气脱硝，通过适当提高SO2/SO3转化率，最大催化剂用量可减少一半、烟气阻力降低一半，可大幅降低SCR烟气脱硝建设成本和运行成本。