IRRIGATION WATER DELIVERY SYSTEM OPERATION VIA AGGREGATE STATE DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING1

ABSTRACT: A modified dynamic programming (DP) approach that is called aggregate state dynamic programming (ASDP) is presented to optimally operate irrigation water delivery systems. ASDP can be applied to multiple reservoir systems without encountering dimensionality problems. In addition, the random nature of water supply and consumptive crop demands can be incorporated into the technique. A case study is presented to display the application of ASDP. Using a sum-of-squared shortages objective, ASDP out performs a traditional separation technique and approaches the theoretical (ideal) optimum. Problem settings that are conducive to the use of ASDP and limitations of the technique are presented.     

An investigation of the effects from the user’s hand and head over received level and adaptive power control of a GSM mobile phone in typical operating environment

Current evolution of wireless personal communications has necessitated a comprehensive understanding of electromagnetic interactions between handset antennas and nearby human body. In this work the handset–human body interactions were evaluated in various configurations (with and without user’s hand; with and without user’s head, and combinations of them) in order to obtain statistical averages of the overall performance for system link evaluations. The measurements were performed using the random-field measurement (RFM) method, and thus the acquisition of large amounts of data about human–mobile phone interactions in typical operating environment with measured the received RF signal strength (RXLEV), and the output power level (TXLEV) on mobile station. The RXLEV and the TXLEV was measured over the air interface in the networks on two Bulgarian GSM mobile operators (Mtel and Vivatel). Both uplink and downlink measurements were performed in urban area in three cities. Each measurements were carried out in a building included both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight propagation of the electromagnetic waves between mobile station and base station. The results showed that the user’s hand and head induces more significant changes on the received RF signal strength in case when broadcast control channel (BCCH) levels are up to −60 dBm. Also the alterations of receiving RF signal strength and output power level of the MS are influence stronger from the larger size of the hand and head of user. The influence from presence of the head and hand of the subscriber in talk position over the alteration of the receiving RF signal strength is in boundaries from 14.21 dBm to 19.1 dBm (man) and from 8.5 dBm to 12.05 dBm (woman). The presence of the user’s hand and head increased the output power level of mobile station with 12 dBm to 14 dBm (man) and with 10 dBm to 12 dBm (woman) compare to output power level without user’s hand and head.     

电石公路运输事故特征与安全条件的研究

基于电石生产销售实际以及公路运输特征,笔者系统研究了电石公路运输应该具备的道路条件、人员条件、车辆条件、包装条件、仓储条件、自然条件、装卸条件、承运与交付条件;提出了电石道路运输耐压力、耐冲击、耐震动、耐水、耐低气压的实验设计;分析了电石公路运输事故的主要原因并结合电石公路运输事故中典型的火灾事故的特征;给出了电石火灾的水泥罐车灭火方法以及电石运输事故的紧急救援预案。     

综放工作面微气候对工人操作失误影响研究

阐述综放工作面微气候的特点,即综采工作面的温度、湿度、煤尘等普遍偏高的情况。指出微气候的各个指标对于工人操作可靠性的影响;利用人因学原理分析了综放工作面温度、湿度、风速和煤尘对于工作操作可靠性影响的机理;强调要将综放工作面微气候中的温度、湿度、煤尘控制在一个合理的范围内;针对不同的因素提出有效的应对措施。研究取得的成果为改善井下综采工作面微气候,提高工人操作可靠性提出了理论依据。     

Air Pollution Potential: Regional Study in Argentina

/ Air pollution potential is a measure of the atmospheric conditions that are unable to transport and dilute pollutants into the air, independently of the existence of sources. This potential can be determined from two atmospheric parameters: mixing height and transport wind. In this paper a statistical analysis of the mixing height and transport wind, in order to determine the areas with high or poor atmospheric ventilation in Argentina, is presented. In order to achieve this, meteorological data registered during 1979-1982 at eight meteorological stations were used. Daily values of the maximum mixing height were calculated from observations of daily temperatures at different heights and maximum surface temperature. At the same time as the maximum mixing height, the values of the transport wind were determined from the surface windspeed and the characteristics of the ground in the surroundings of each meteorological station. The mean seasonal values for both parameters were obtained. Isopleths of the mean seasonal of the maximum mixing heights were drawn. The percentage of seasonal frequencies of poor ventilation conditions were calculated and the frequency isopleths were also drawn to determine areas with minor and major relative frequencies. It was found that the northeastern and central-eastern regions of Argentina had a high air pollution potential during the whole year. Unfavorable atmospheric ventilation conditions were also found in the central-western side of the country during the cold seasons (37.5% in autumn and 56.9% in winter). The region with the greatest atmospheric ventilation is located south of 40 degrees S, where the frequency of poor ventilation varies between 8.0% in summer and 10.8% in winter.     

Characteristics of phosphorus fractionated from the sediment resuspension in abrupt expansion flow experiments

Phosphorous (P) fraction characteristics in sediment resuspension were investigated under adequately hydrodynamic conditions. Four forms of P in overlying water, including dissolved inorganic P, dissolved total P, total P, and particulate P, and six fractions of P in suspended particulate matter (SPM), including loosely sorbed P (NH4Cl-P), redox-sensitive P (BD-P), aluminum-bound P (Al- P), organic P (NaOH-nrP), calcium-bound P (Ca-P) and residual P (Res-P), were quantified, respectively. Di erent hydrodynamic conditions resulted in di erent P form changes. Four states could be ascribed: (1) P desorption by sediment and SPM, and P adsorption by overlying water; (2) P desorption by SPM, and P adsorption by overlying water; (3) P adsorption by SPM, and P desorption by overlying water; and (4) P equilibrium between SPM and overlying water. The contents of P in overlying water acquired peak values in the middle position of the vertical P distribution due to the combined actions of SPM and sediment. P fractions in SPM were in the following order: BD-P > NaOH-nrp > Ca-P > Al-P > Res-P > NH4Cl-P. BD-P in SPM frequently exchanged with P forms in overlying water. Resuspension was favorable to forming Ca-P in SPM.     

UASB及其衍生反应器的运行性能研究

UASB及其衍生反应器是厌氧生物处理技术中最重要的处理工艺和处理装置,在有机废水处理中发挥着重要作用。在对UASB及其衍生反应器的运行性能进行比较分析的基础上,研究了影响UASB反应器运行性能的主要控制因素,并对其工艺发展进行了探讨,以利于对UASB及其衍生反应器的科学选择和厌氧处理工艺的创新研究。     

水质环境条件对恒流超滤过程的影响研究

研究了用聚丙烯腈中空纤维超滤膜组件净化含腐殖酸类有机物模拟废水的恒流膜过程,考察了水中的Ca2+浓度、离子强度、pH值等水质环境条件对超滤膜过滤性能的影响。试验结果表明,增加水中Ca2+浓度,增大溶液离子强度,以及降低pH值均能增大跨膜压差的增加速率;增加水中Ca2+浓度和降低pH值的效果较明显。Ca2+、离子强度变化基本不影响有机污染物的去除率,而pH值的升高降低了膜对水中有机污染物的去除率。     

北京地区泥石流灾害的发育特征及预报方法探讨

通过认真研究北京地区泥石流的发育特征,深入分析了泥石流的形成条件和影响因素,并在此基础上对北京地区泥石流预报方法进行了初步探讨,建立了综合考虑地形地貌、地质条件、土壤类型以及降雨情况等因素的判断公式,并就北京地区泥石流预报方法提出了建议.     

渗滤液厌氧生物处理运行特征的实验研究

文章利用自制的厌氧反应器,对垃圾渗滤液厌氧生物处理的特性进行模型实验分析。结果表明,启动87 d后,反应器容积负荷为7.40 kgCOD.m-3.d-1,HRT为12 h,反应器中颗粒污泥状况良好。实验后期系统的碱度基本都在2 000～4 500 mg.L-1的范围内,完全可以满足反应的需要,无须另外投加药剂。启动结束时,采用较为新鲜的垃圾渗滤液进水,进水CODcr在3 700 mg.L-1,NH3-N浓度1000 mg.L-1左右,CODcr去除率基本稳定于80%,NH3-N去除率仅为22.0%,说明厌氧颗粒污泥的处理能力已达到饱和,颗粒污泥脱氮效果是有限的,出水需经过后续处理才能达标排放。