Country logistics performance and disaster impact

The aim of this paper is to deepen the understanding of the relationship between country logistics performance and disaster impact. The relationship is analysed through correlation analysis and regression models for 117 countries for the years 2007 to 2012 with disaster impact variables from the International Disaster Database (EM‐DAT) and logistics performance indicators from the World Bank. The results show a significant relationship between country logistics performance and disaster impact overall and for five out of six specific logistic performance indicators. These specific indicators were further used to explore the relationship between country logistic performance and disaster impact for three specific disaster types (epidemic, flood and storm). The findings enhance the understanding of the role of logistics in a humanitarian context with empirical evidence of the importance of country logistics performance in disaster response operations.     

低温下废铁屑对厌氧氨氧化系统的影响

考察了在低温条件下(<20℃)废铁屑及其投加方式对厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮性能和微生物群落的影响.结果表明,当废铁屑投加量为10g/L时,直接(R2)和间接(R3)投加方式均会对厌氧氨氧化反应造成短期抑制,总氮去除率分别降低4.7%和3.4%;30d连续运行后,2组反应器总氮去除率均提升至70%左右;反应器稳定运行阶段,R2的R_s(NO₂^--N与NH₄⁺-N去除量之比)和R_p(NO₃^--N生成量与NH₄⁺-N去除量之比)为1.57和0.22, R3的R_s和R_p为1.49和0.23,比R2更接近厌氧氨氧化反应理论值.废铁屑在水中发生腐蚀,降低DO并提高pH值,且R2,R3污泥中铁含量分别为对照组的1.64倍和1.93倍,废铁屑不仅改善了厌氧氨氧菌的生境,还满足了其对铁元素的需求.高通量测序结果显示,在20~50d的运行过程中, R1,R2,R3中优势厌氧氨氧化菌属Candidatus_Kuenenia的相对丰度分别增加-1.05%,0.14%和0.96%,废铁屑的投加促进了厌氧氨氧化菌在低温下的生长,且间接投加促进效果更为显著.     

纳米零价铁耦合黏土修复污染土壤的研究进展

黏土负载型nZVI具有低成本、易制备、环境相容性好、综合性能优越的特点.本文在归纳nZVI改性策略的基础上,比较了黏土种类对nZVI形貌和性能的影响,提出了理想黏土载体的优选顺序,分析了复合材料的铁含量、比表面积、nZVI尺寸等与去除性能之间的关系,对nZVI耦合黏土在修复土壤重金属、卤代有机物、硝酸盐、新型污染物等方面的研究进行了总结,并概述了nZVI技术在土壤修复中的负面效应,最后对nZVI耦合黏土修复污染土壤的未来方向进行了展望.     

Highly efficient P uptake by Fe3O4 loaded amorphous Zr-La (carbonate) oxides: Electrostatic attraction, inner-sphere complexation and oxygen vacancies acceleration effect

Bimetallic oxides composites have received an increasing attention as promising adsorbents for aqueous phosphate (P) removal in recent years. In this study, a novel magnetic composite MZLCO was prepared by hybridizing amorphous Zr-La (carbonate) oxides (ZLCO) with nano-Fe₃O₄ through a one-pot solvothermal method for efficient phosphate adsorption. Our optimum sample of MZLCO-45 exhibited a high Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of 96.16 mg P/g and performed well even at low phosphate concentration. The phosphate adsorption kinetics by MZLCO-45 fitted well with the pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption capacity could reach 79% of the ultimate value within the first 60 min. The phosphate adsorption process was highly pH-dependent, and MZLCO-45 performed well over a wide pH range of 2.0-8.0. Moreover, MZLCO-45 showed a strong selectivity to phosphate in the presence of competing ions (Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, HCO₃⁻, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺) and a good reusability using the eluent of NaOH/NaCl mixture, then 64% adsorption capacity remained after ten recycles. The initial 2.0 mg P/L in municipal wastewater and surface water could be efficiently reduced to below 0.1mg P/L by 0.07 g/L MZLCO-45, and the phosphate removal efficiencies were 95.7% and 96.21%, respectively. Phosphate adsorption mechanisms by MZLCO-45 could be attributed to electrostatic attraction and the inner-sphere complexation via ligand exchange forming Zr/La-O-P, -OH and CO₃²⁻ groups on MZLCO-45 surface played important roles in the ligand exchange process. The existence of oxygen vacancies could accelerate the phosphate absorption rate of the MZLCO-45 composites.     

基于多元随机效应Wiener过程的某弹用弹簧可靠性评估

目的 解决某弹用弹簧可靠性评估中存在的不确定性问题。方法 对某弹用弹簧进行加速退化试验,试验过程中发现其具有多个性能退化参数,并且其退化过程具有非线性、随机性及样本差异性的特征。为了对其退化过程进行数学表征,提出一种基于多元随机效应Wiener过程的退化模型。采用基于时间尺度变换的非线性Wiener过程,描述弹簧退化过程中的非线性与随机性。基于随机效应模型,对样本的差异性进行表征,利用Copula函数描述多元性能参数之间的相互作用关系。最后推导弹簧失效寿命的概率密度函数、可靠度函数。结果 在贮存条件为25 ℃、可靠度为0.9时,基于构建的多元随机效应Wiener过程模型,当考虑性能间的相关性时,得到某弹用弹簧的贮存寿命为12 a;不考虑性能间的相关性时,得到其贮存寿命为11.5 a。结论 构建的多元随机退化模型为该弹药健康状态管理提供了相应的理论依据。     

机器学习在材料服役性能预测中的应用

针对材料服役性能预测存在误差大、计算复杂、适用性差等问题,提出了基于数据挖掘的机器学习预测方法。首先阐述了机器学习的应用流程,并总结了常用模型原理及其在材料性能预测中的应用。然后采用多种机器学习模型对RPV钢的辐照性能进行预测,并通过Stacking集成方法提高了模型的预测精度。结果表明,机器学习可用于材料服役性能预测,具有较高的预测精度和可靠性。根据材料服役数据的不同特征选择合适的学习模型,同时进行模型融合和参数优化,可有效提高模型的预测精度及运算速度。     

基于GB/T 29309标准的HALT测试技术分析

本文以标准GB/T 29309-2012为基础,以某款开关电源为例,对HALT试验设备、工作极限与破坏极限、试验步骤及设备运行中注意点等方面展开介绍,为电子产品可靠性测试提供相关探讨。     

基于突变级数法的武汉市农地利用绩效评价及影响因素分析

根据突变级数法基本原理,对武汉市2002-2011年农地利用绩效动态变化情况进行分析,并利用障碍度模型找出影响其绩效水平的主要障碍因子.研究结果表明,研究时段内武汉市农地利用绩效整体呈上升趋势,且带有明显的阶段性特征;经济绩效是影响农地利用绩效的最主要障碍因素;从单项指标来看,随着生态理念的不断深化,未来农地利用程度及资源安全将对农地利用绩效产生较大影响.     

Molecularly imprinted polymer for analysis of trace atrazine herbicide in water

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for atrazine was synthesized by non-covalent method. The binding capacity of MIP was 1.00 mg g^{? 1} polymer. The selectivity and recovery were investigated with various pesticides which are mostly, found in the environment, for both similar and different chemical structure of atrazine. The competitive recognition between atrazine and structurally similar compounds was evaluated and it was found that the system provided highest recovery and selectivity for atrazine while low recovery and selectivity were obtained for the other compounds. The highest recovery was obtained from MIP compared with non-imprinted polymer (NIP), a commercial C₁₈ and a granular activated carbon (GAC) sorbent. The method provided high recoveries ranged from 94 to 99% at two spiked levels with relative standard deviations less than 2%. The lower detection limit of the method was 80 ng L^{? 1}. This method was successfully applied for analysis of environmental water samples.     

航空安全文化运行模式研究

依据安全文化基本原理,对航空安全文化模式进行系统化设计。将安全精神文化、制度文化、行为文化和物态文化4个子系统置于安全文化模式的大系统中,综合分析各子系统之间的互动关系及其对管理模式变革的影响。结合航空安全管理的特点,设计安全文化运行机制的结构框架。通过分析安全文化模式的运行过程和运行功能模块,实现航空安全文化模式的动态管理,使零散的安全文化模式得以系统化。航空安全文化模式的构建为航空运输企业建立了一个程序化、系统化、动态循环的管理过程,并以持续改进的思想指导企业系统地实现其安全目标。