2001～2017年全国气溶胶光学厚度时空分布及变化趋势

为探究全国大气气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）的分布及变化特征,利用最新的MODIS/Terra C6.1 550 nm AOD月数据分析了2001~2017年全国AOD的时空分布及变化趋势.结果表明,空间特征：年均AOD空间分布呈现两个显著的高值中心和低值中心,第一高值中心位于以人为气溶胶为主的华北平原、华中地区、长三角地区、珠三角地区和四川盆地,第二高值中心位于以尘埃气溶胶为主的塔克拉玛干沙漠地区,两个低值中心分别位于内蒙古地区东部至东北地区北部以及青藏高原.时间特征：各区域AOD峰值主要出现在春、夏季,塔克拉玛干沙漠地区、四川盆地和珠三角地区AOD在3~4月达到峰值,华北平原、华中地区和长三角地区AOD在5~7月达到峰值.趋势特征：2001~2006年,我国西北地区和内蒙古地区AOD呈现减少趋势,我国中东部地区和西南地区东部AOD呈现增长趋势.2007~2012年,青藏高原和塔克拉玛干沙漠地区AOD变化趋势由减少转为增长,华北平原和四川盆地AOD的增幅减弱,长三角地区AOD呈现弱的下降趋势.2013~2017年,我国大部地区AOD呈显著地下降趋势.     

Resources policy and mine closure in South Africa: The case of the Free State Goldfields

There is increasing international pressure to ensure that mining development is aligned with local and national development objectives. In South Africa, legislation requires mining companies to produce Social and Labour Plans, which are aimed at addressing local developmental concerns. Against the background of the new mining legislation in South Africa, this paper evaluates attempts to address mine downscaling in the Free State Goldfields over the past two decades. The analysis shows that despite an improved legislative environment, the outcomes in respect of integrated planning are disappointing, owing mainly to a lack of trust and government incapacity to enact the new legislation. It is argued that legislative changes and a national response in respect of mine downscaling are required.     

ICAROS: An Integrated Computational Environment for the Assimilation of Environmental Data and Models for Urban and Regional Air Quality

Integrated environmental management in urban areas is nowadaysconsidered a sine qua non objective of Community and nationalenvironmental and development policies. A large amount ofscientific information on the state of the environment is nowavailable from a large pool of data sources. This work presentsan innovative method for integration of these data sources andeffective coupling of environmental information with appropriatemodels and decision-support tools. State-of-the-art Earthobservation techniques, ground-based air quality measurements,atmospheric transport and chemical modelling, and multi-criteriadecision-aid systems are used in an integrated information fusionenvironment in support of environmental and health impactassessment and decision-making at the urban and regional scales. Results of the pilot application of the method in the area ofLombardy in Northern Italy demonstrate the validity andusefulness of this novel approach.     

The Assessment of Atmospheric Pollution using Satellite Remote Sensing Technology in Large Cities in the Vicinity of Airports

This paper investigates the potential of usingsatellite remotely sensed imagery for assessing atmosphericpollution. A novel approach, which comprised radiativetransfer calculations and pseudo-invariant targets fordetermining aerosol optical thickness has been developed.The key parameter for assessing atmospheric pollution inphotochemical air pollution studies is the aerosol opticalthickness. The need for identifying suitable pseudo-invariantobjects in satellite images of urban areas is of great interest for increasing the potential of earthobservation for monitoring air pollution in such areas. Theidentification of large water bodies and concrete apronsthat can serve as suitable dark and bright targetsrespectively in different geographical areas wasdemonstrated in this study. This study added evidence onthe correlation found between the visibility valuesmeasured at Heathrow Airport area during satellite overpassand aerosol optical thickness derived from Landsat-5 TMband 1 images.     

气孔开闭与锶叶面吸收的相互影响

叶面吸收是核素长距离迁移进入植物的首要方式,研究气孔开闭与核素叶面吸收之间的相关关系具有重要意义。以研究最为广泛的锶(Sr)作为核素代表,以双子叶乔木红叶石楠叶片为研究对象,用脱落酸(ABA)和激动素(KT)调节气孔的开闭,探讨核素离子的气孔吸收作用及叶面核素吸收对气孔开闭的影响。结果表明:Sr对气孔开启有明显的抑制作用,浓度越高抑制效果越明显;在10 mmol/L的Sr溶液中暴露2 h后,气孔开启度仅为-105.18%;气孔开闭对核素吸收存在显著的影响,开启度越高核素叶面吸收越强;72 h时,Sr单位叶面吸收量为9.61μg/cm2,添加20 mg/L ABA后叶面吸收量下降13.1%(8.35μg/cm2),而添加20 mg/L KT后叶面吸收量增加21.6%(11.69μg/cm2)。     

四川盆地PM2.5与PM10高分辨率时空分布及关联分析

为深入了解四川盆地PM_2.5与PM₁₀污染情况，通过机器学习的方法，基于卫星遥感气溶胶产品（MAIAC）与国家环境空气质量监测网数据以及气象、地理、社会经济变量等，构建2个随机森林机器学习模型（R²均为0.86），反演四川盆地2013~2017年间1km网格逐日PM_2.5与PM₁₀浓度时空分布，并分析两者的时空关联性.结果表明：2013~2017年四川盆地地面PM_2.5与PM₁₀平均浓度分别为47.8，75.2μg/m³.PM_2.5与PM₁₀浓度空间上均整体呈现"倒月牙"状分布，西部与南部区域浓度值较高.5a间，区域颗粒物浓度逐年递减，总降幅均达到27%，季节上则均具有"冬高夏低"的特点；PM_2.5与PM₁₀浓度空间相关性显著（相关系数0.96），呈现"内强外弱"的格局，春夏季相关系数（0.91、0.90）低于秋冬季（0.96、0.96）.盆地西南部PM_2.5与PM₁₀比值较高，比值高低的季节性排序为冬季 > 秋季 > 夏季 > 春季.     

水雾扩散及其对环境影响的模拟研究

利用三维有量方程闭合大气界层模式攻随机游动模式组成一个大气扩散实用模拟系统，模式考虑了测流夹卷，雾漳蒸发，重方学降等物理过程，模拟研究了水电站泄洪产生的水雾的扩散及其对环境相对湿度的影响，模拟结果表明，中性层结条件下，国扩散距离为２５８ｍ，水雾最远影响距离为１ｋｍ左右，使环境相对温度增加１％～３％，大气稳定度对水雾扩散有很大的影响，不稳定情况下，水雾扩散和影响范围较小；但因国蒸发量大，国扩散和影响     

基于分子发光的新型多孔塑料光纤传感探头的研究

1　IntroductionOpticalfiberchemicalsensor,whichisdevelopedfromthecombinationofoptical fiberwave guidetechniqueandhighlysensitivemolecularluminescentanalyticalmethod ,hasshownagoodapplicationprospectinenvironmentalauto monitoring .Thefabricationofsensingprobeisthekeytechniqueforopticalfiberchemicalsensor.Althoughconventionalopticalfiberprobes,suchassensingmembraneetal.[1 ]hadbeengreatlydevelopedrecently ,therearestillmanyvitalproblemsneedstobesolved .Suchas (1)theamountofphotosensitiveindicator…     

油气管道伴行光缆失效统计及对策措施研究

油气管道伴行光缆在油气运输中起着十分重要的作用。由于外部环境的突发性、复杂性、不可控性,导致伴行光缆管理困难、混乱,断缆事件经常发生,给油气管道运输带来较大损失。本文以某公司为例,以2012~2018年光缆断裂事故数据为依托,运用鱼刺图方法梳理出光缆失效的4大原因类别,并应用故障树分析法对光缆失效进行分析,从最小割(径)集、结构重要度方面对光缆失效因素分析,并针对不同的危害因素提出合理的风险管控措施,构建光缆失效保护层,为今后油气管道伴行光缆风险管控提供指导。