中国PM1浓度时空特征及其与AOD的相关性分析(2014～2017年)

整合2014～2017年全国PM₁监测站点数据,基于时间序列统计方法和空间系统聚类方法揭示了PM₁浓度的时空分布特征与演变规律.并结合MODIS遥感卫星气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)数据,分析了PM₁-AOD相关性的时空特征.结果显示,2014～2017年中国年均PM₁浓度逐年下降,四季PM₁浓度呈现“冬高夏低”的变化特征,月均PM₁浓度呈“U”型变化特征,在节假日前后PM₁浓度呈现“M”型变化特征,在一周中星期一和星期五PM₁浓度为高值点,星期日为低值点.基于空间系统聚类法将全国年均PM₁浓度分为7类区,全国PM₁浓度整体呈现“东高西低,北高南低”的空间分布格局,年均ρ(PM₁)值在华中地区最高(54.59μg·m^-3),新青藏地区年均最低(11.37μg·m^-3).PM₁-AOD关系整...     

2018年中国长江三角洲地区气溶胶的垂直分布特征

利用主动式遥感卫星云-气溶胶激光雷达和红外探测者卫星观测(CALIPSO)提供的激光雷达资料,重点分析了2017-12～2018-11中国长江三角洲地区对流层大气中532 nm气溶胶消光系数,气溶胶退偏比,气溶胶色比以及各类型气溶胶的时空变化特征.对气溶胶的光学参数随高度变化的研究表明,与对流层高空相比,一般在对流层低空中气溶胶消光能力更强,气溶胶粒子更规则,气溶胶粒径更小.对气溶胶的光学参数随季节变化的研究表明,与冬春季相比,一般夏秋季在对流层高空中气溶胶消光能力更强,在2 km以下气溶胶粒子更规则,在对流层高空中气溶胶粒径的范围更大.长江三角洲地区全年中污染沙尘气溶胶出现的频率最高,为37. 481 6%,夏秋季烟尘、污染大陆与洁净海洋气溶胶出现的频率比冬春季高,而夏秋季沙漠沙尘气溶胶出现的频率相对较低.     

华北平原AOD时空演化与影响因素

深入了解大气气溶胶时空变化及其影响因素,对控制大气污染,改善大气环境具有重要意义.首先利用2013～2019年的VIIRS IP气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）数据分析华北平原AOD的时空变化规律.其次,选取SO₂、 NO₂、 PM_2.5、气象数据、 NDVI、 DEM、 GDP和POPU作为影响因素,基于XGBoost模型分别建立华北平原5个代表城市的AOD与其影响因素之间的连接模型,定量估算并揭示AOD时空分布规律背后各个影响因素的贡献.结果表明在空间分布上,华北平原AOD以太行山脉为界,呈现东南高西北低的格局.在时间变化上,5个城市AOD年均值整体呈下降趋势,AOD月均值先上升后下降,最高值出现在7月,最低值出现在12月.此外,建立的华北地区5个城市AOD估算模型精度较高,R²在0.60～0.67之间.华北平原的AOD影响因素中,NO₂和SO₂是对5个城市AOD贡献最大的影响因素,此外,PM_2.5是另外一种重要的污染排放影响因素.气象因...     

2003~2018年四川盆地气溶胶光学厚度空间分异及驱动因子

为揭示四川盆地气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）的空间分布格局并定量评估影响其时空分异的驱动因子,基于2003~2018年（16a） MODIS气溶胶产品数据,采用Mann-Kendall突变检验法,空间自相关,空间热点探测分析和地理探测器等地统计方法分析研究.结果表明：2003~2018年四川盆地AOD总体呈现下降趋势,且突变年为2015年,并依据趋势变化将2003~2018年分为6个时段.四川盆地气溶胶区域性污染特征明显,AOD高值区主要聚集在盆地中部低海拔地区,而AOD低值区则多聚集在盆地边缘高海拔地区.AOD空间分布具有显著的聚集性规律（空间正相关,Moran's I指数>0）,自2012年以来高-高值聚集区面积不断减小,且不同时段聚集区AOD年际变化与AOD值分布变化态势一致.利用主成分分析法优选出8个因子,经地理探测器分析表明,16a来盆地区域AOD时空分异主要是由于城市化和工业化发展水平不均衡引起的.2014~2015年所有驱动因子的驱动力较之前时间段出现11.2%~59.2%的减小,且社会经济因子尤为明显,与2015年为突变年的结论相一致.     

MAX-DOAS observation in the midlatitude marine boundary layer: Influences of typhoon forced air mass

As a passive remote sensing technique, MAX-DOAS method was widely used to investigate the vertical profiles of aerosol and trace gases in the lower troposphere. However, the measurements for midlatitude marine boundary layer are rarely reported, especially during the storm weather system. In this study, the MAX-DOAS was used to retrieve the aerosol, HCHO and NO₂ vertical distribution at Huaniao Island of East China Sea in summer 2018, during which a strong tropical cyclone developed and passed through the measurement site. The observed aerosol optical depth (AOD), HCHO- and NO_2-VCDs (Vertical Column Density) were in the range of 0.19-0.97, (2.57-12.27) × 10¹⁵ molec/cm², (1.24-4.71) × 10¹⁵ molec/cm², which is much higher than remote ocean area due to the short distance to continent. The vertically resolved aerosol extinction coefficient (AEC), HCHO and NO₂ presented the decline trend with the increase of height. After the typhoon passing through, the distribution of high levels of aerosol and HCHO stretched to about 1 km and the abundances of the bottom layer were found as double higher than before, reaching 0.51 km⁻¹ and 2.44 ppbv, while NO₂ was still constrained within about 300 m with 2.59 ppbv in the bottom layer. The impacts of typhoon process forced air mass were also observed at the suburban site in Shanghai in view of both the aerosol extinction and chemical components. The different changes on air quality associated with typhoon and its mechanism in two different environments: coastal island and coastal city are worthy of further investigation as it frequent occurred in East Asia during summer and fall.     

卫星浮标天线技术及其在潜艇通信中的应用

结合目前卫星浮标天线的发展情况，重点介绍了可回收光纤系留浮标系统。简要阐述了该系统的概念，并对该系统的结构、工作原理、数据传输能力以及布放和回收过程进行分析，最后对该系统的未来载荷和最新进展进行了论述。     

江南古陆变质基底地层年代的修正和武陵运动构造意义

江南古陆变质基底的研究中,最突出的基础地质问题依然是地层年代的精确标定。地层年代标定涉及到成矿地层的划分和对比及其构造演化的时限,也直接影响层控矿床找矿中涉及的基础地质问题。在最新的中国地层年表中,前寒武纪地层对比和构造背景解释已发生重大变化。本文依据扬子块体和华夏块体新元古代地层中最新的系列锆石U-Pb测年结果,初步揭示"江南古陆"变质基底地层火山事件和分布范围。结合全球格林威尔造山运动基本特征,对江南古陆变质基底地层年代的修正将有利于重新厘定江南造山带的成矿背景,提供层控矿床基础年代地层资料,为新的矿产资源大调查服务。     

基于MODIS AOD数据的南京市大气能见度估算

以南京市为研究区,利用MODIS气溶胶产品数据(MOD04L2)获取研究区气溶胶标高数据,结合地面气象站点能见度观测数据,构建研究区不同季节能见度估算模型,估算南京市2013年能见度时空分布。研究结果表明,研究区能见度模型估算值与实测值总体趋势较为一致,分季节模型能见度估算均值相对误差为14.3%;南京市2013年能见度年均值为6.07km,大致呈现出由市区向周边郊区逐渐升高的趋势;研究区不同季节能见度差异明显,夏季能见度显著高于其他3个季节,在该季节全市能见度均值达到9.93km,约为其余3个季节均值的2倍左右,气候状况与经济社会发展布局是影响研究区能见度时空差异的主要因素。     

The synthetic pyrethroid isomers I. Preparation

Abstract

Enantiomers and racemic mixtures of selected benzilic esters using resolved and raceme permethrinic or chrysanthemic acids of high purity were synthesised via improved methods based on conventional steps. Nine basic structures of selected derivatives having hydrogen, bromo or phenoxy group at meta position were prepared including the well known insecticides of phenothrin, permethrin and cypermethrin. The optical purity of these compounds were determined via an NMR method applying chiral shift reagents. The configuration of the isomers of new a‐cyano‐benzyl esters were assigned via a rule realized by comparing the characteristic 1H NMR shifts of the dimethyl groups attached to the cyclopropane ring.     

WATER RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS IN WEST CENTRAL IRAN USING LANDSAT DATA1

ABSTRACT: Extensive investigations have been undertaken to determine the utility of Landsat data for detecting and analyzing hydrologic characteristics of an interior watershed of Iran that drains to Daryachehye-Namak (salt lake). This interior playa serves as the terminus for surface water discharging to it from the Karaj, Shur, Saveh, and Ghom Rivers and ground water from their underlying aquifers. These drainage systems encompass heavily populated and industrial sectors of west central Iran, including Tehran. The result of this investigation demonstrates the applicability of Landsat data for mapping and monitoring water regimen as an aid in interpreting hydrologic conditions throughout this arid region. Fluctuation of water area in a playa lake, occupying the lowest part of this closed basin, was monitored on repetitive Landsat coverage. As the result of field investigations combined with optical and digital analyses of the Landsat data, fluctuating water depths were determined in order to estimate the volume of water present in this lake during various seasons. A comparison between stream discharge rates and the estimated volume of standing water make it possible to quantitatively evaluate the hydrologic regimen and to detect the significance of ground water discharge.