2001～2017年全国气溶胶光学厚度时空分布及变化趋势

为探究全国大气气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）的分布及变化特征,利用最新的MODIS/Terra C6.1 550 nm AOD月数据分析了2001~2017年全国AOD的时空分布及变化趋势.结果表明,空间特征：年均AOD空间分布呈现两个显著的高值中心和低值中心,第一高值中心位于以人为气溶胶为主的华北平原、华中地区、长三角地区、珠三角地区和四川盆地,第二高值中心位于以尘埃气溶胶为主的塔克拉玛干沙漠地区,两个低值中心分别位于内蒙古地区东部至东北地区北部以及青藏高原.时间特征：各区域AOD峰值主要出现在春、夏季,塔克拉玛干沙漠地区、四川盆地和珠三角地区AOD在3~4月达到峰值,华北平原、华中地区和长三角地区AOD在5~7月达到峰值.趋势特征：2001~2006年,我国西北地区和内蒙古地区AOD呈现减少趋势,我国中东部地区和西南地区东部AOD呈现增长趋势.2007~2012年,青藏高原和塔克拉玛干沙漠地区AOD变化趋势由减少转为增长,华北平原和四川盆地AOD的增幅减弱,长三角地区AOD呈现弱的下降趋势.2013~2017年,我国大部地区AOD呈显著地下降趋势.     

U-series disequilibria in a groundwater flow route as an indicator of uranium migration processes

U-series data relating to groundwater, fracture coatings and the adjoining rock matrix in a groundwater flow system at the Palmottu natural analogue site was examined. The aim was to obtain an experimental reference for migration modelling in a transport section defined within the flow system. The U-series reference obtained turned out to be a very useful tool for fine tuning the flow route and for migration mechanism considerations. The U-series data are well in line with other interpretations of the migration system.     

ICAROS: An Integrated Computational Environment for the Assimilation of Environmental Data and Models for Urban and Regional Air Quality

Integrated environmental management in urban areas is nowadaysconsidered a sine qua non objective of Community and nationalenvironmental and development policies. A large amount ofscientific information on the state of the environment is nowavailable from a large pool of data sources. This work presentsan innovative method for integration of these data sources andeffective coupling of environmental information with appropriatemodels and decision-support tools. State-of-the-art Earthobservation techniques, ground-based air quality measurements,atmospheric transport and chemical modelling, and multi-criteriadecision-aid systems are used in an integrated information fusionenvironment in support of environmental and health impactassessment and decision-making at the urban and regional scales. Results of the pilot application of the method in the area ofLombardy in Northern Italy demonstrate the validity andusefulness of this novel approach.     

The Assessment of Atmospheric Pollution using Satellite Remote Sensing Technology in Large Cities in the Vicinity of Airports

This paper investigates the potential of usingsatellite remotely sensed imagery for assessing atmosphericpollution. A novel approach, which comprised radiativetransfer calculations and pseudo-invariant targets fordetermining aerosol optical thickness has been developed.The key parameter for assessing atmospheric pollution inphotochemical air pollution studies is the aerosol opticalthickness. The need for identifying suitable pseudo-invariantobjects in satellite images of urban areas is of great interest for increasing the potential of earthobservation for monitoring air pollution in such areas. Theidentification of large water bodies and concrete apronsthat can serve as suitable dark and bright targetsrespectively in different geographical areas wasdemonstrated in this study. This study added evidence onthe correlation found between the visibility valuesmeasured at Heathrow Airport area during satellite overpassand aerosol optical thickness derived from Landsat-5 TMband 1 images.     

对福建深沪海底古森林遗址古地理环境的探讨

前人在1987年就开始对福建深沪海底古森林遗址进行了研究,本文在前人调查研究工作的基础上,通过钻探、坑探、14C测年、微体古生物分析等工作,探讨了福建深沪海底古森林遗址古地理环境及海陆变迁情况。该海底古森林生长于全新世长乐组冲洪积地层中,距今约7 000~7 700 a,为湿热气候环境。牡蛎的生长环境为滨海泥滩环境,距今约26 000~27 000 a左右和距今约4 500 a,处于海侵影响范围。研究表明该处经历过多次海陆变迁。     

四川盆地PM2.5与PM10高分辨率时空分布及关联分析

为深入了解四川盆地PM_2.5与PM₁₀污染情况，通过机器学习的方法，基于卫星遥感气溶胶产品（MAIAC）与国家环境空气质量监测网数据以及气象、地理、社会经济变量等，构建2个随机森林机器学习模型（R²均为0.86），反演四川盆地2013~2017年间1km网格逐日PM_2.5与PM₁₀浓度时空分布，并分析两者的时空关联性.结果表明：2013~2017年四川盆地地面PM_2.5与PM₁₀平均浓度分别为47.8，75.2μg/m³.PM_2.5与PM₁₀浓度空间上均整体呈现"倒月牙"状分布，西部与南部区域浓度值较高.5a间，区域颗粒物浓度逐年递减，总降幅均达到27%，季节上则均具有"冬高夏低"的特点；PM_2.5与PM₁₀浓度空间相关性显著（相关系数0.96），呈现"内强外弱"的格局，春夏季相关系数（0.91、0.90）低于秋冬季（0.96、0.96）.盆地西南部PM_2.5与PM₁₀比值较高，比值高低的季节性排序为冬季 > 秋季 > 夏季 > 春季.     

湖南骑田岭岩体北东部角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩的40Ar-39Ar定年及其意义

对骑田岭岩体主体仰天湖单元粗中粒斑状角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩进行了黑云母40Ar-39Ar年龄测定,获得坪年龄为(155.1±1.8)Ma,等时线年龄为(154.7±1.8)Ma.该年龄样品提高了骑田岭岩体形成时代的面上控制程度,与前人有关高精度年代资料一起说明骑田岭序列为中侏罗世末-晚侏罗世初形成的大岩基,基本排除其内部有其它时代成分的可能.结合骑田岭地区锡矿与花岗岩的关系,认为江口一带具有寻找锡矿的前景.     

基于分子发光的新型多孔塑料光纤传感探头的研究

1　IntroductionOpticalfiberchemicalsensor,whichisdevelopedfromthecombinationofoptical fiberwave guidetechniqueandhighlysensitivemolecularluminescentanalyticalmethod ,hasshownagoodapplicationprospectinenvironmentalauto monitoring .Thefabricationofsensingprobeisthekeytechniqueforopticalfiberchemicalsensor.Althoughconventionalopticalfiberprobes,suchassensingmembraneetal.[1 ]hadbeengreatlydevelopedrecently ,therearestillmanyvitalproblemsneedstobesolved .Suchas (1)theamountofphotosensitiveindicator…     

油气管道伴行光缆失效统计及对策措施研究

油气管道伴行光缆在油气运输中起着十分重要的作用。由于外部环境的突发性、复杂性、不可控性,导致伴行光缆管理困难、混乱,断缆事件经常发生,给油气管道运输带来较大损失。本文以某公司为例,以2012~2018年光缆断裂事故数据为依托,运用鱼刺图方法梳理出光缆失效的4大原因类别,并应用故障树分析法对光缆失效进行分析,从最小割(径)集、结构重要度方面对光缆失效因素分析,并针对不同的危害因素提出合理的风险管控措施,构建光缆失效保护层,为今后油气管道伴行光缆风险管控提供指导。     

PERSISTING SEDIMENT YIELDS AND SEDIMENT DELWERY CHANGES1

ABSTRACT: The Buffalo River is a tributary to the Mississippi River in west-central Wisconsin that drains a watershed dominated by agricultural land uses. Since 1935, backwater from Lock and Dam 4 on the Mississippi River has inundated the mouth of the Buffalo's valley. Resurveys of a transect first surveyed across the lake in 1935 and cesium-137 dating of backwater sediments reveal that sedimentation rates at the Buffalo's mouth have remained unchanged since the mid-1940s. Study results indicate that sediment yields from the watershed have persisted at relatively high levels over a period of several decades despite pronounced trends toward less cultivated land and major efforts to control soil erosion from agricultural land. The maintenance of sediment yields is probably due to increased channel conveyance capacities resulting from incision along some tributary streams since the early 1950s. Post-1950 incision extended the network of historical incised tributary channels, enhancing the efficient delivery of sediment from upland sources to downstream sites.