Observation of the nighttime nitrate radical in Hefei, China

Observation of nighttime nitrate radical (NO3) was performed by using long path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (LP-DOAS), on the outskirts of Hefei, China. The time series of NO3 and supporting parameters were simultaneously measured for a week (31 May-7 June 2006). The results indicated that the average concentration of NO3 was 15.6 pptv with an average lifetimes of 96 s, whereas, NO3 production rates varied from 8×105/(cm3·s)to 2.98×107/（cm3·s）. Furthermore, the calculated N2O5 concentration averaged at 380 pptv. Analysis of data indicated that direct sinks were probably dominating the NO3 loss process during this campaign. Finally, the results were compared with other campaigns in the boundary layer.     

珠江三角洲气溶胶光学厚度的观测研究

利用2004年1月至2007年6月的多波段太阳光度计数据反演珠江三角洲地区的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD),对仪器定标方法和反演结果进行了分析,并以反演结果为基准,比对检验MODIS的AOD产品.分析表明:在使用Langley法进行仪器定标时,用迭代方法进行数据筛选处理,定标结果更为合理.统计结果显示:珠三角区域春季AOD值较大,秋夏季次之,冬季较小;4个站点AOD的季节变化特征具有一致性;珠三角区域AOD的年平均值大于0.7,气溶胶造成的到达地表的直接可见光辐射透过率衰减至少有50%一60%,造成严重的霾天气;从频率分布看,AOD值主要集中在0.4～0.6区间.4个站点的α值在1.2～I.6区间内所占的比例很高.频率分布类似,表明此区域内气溶胶粒子平均有效半径较小且较一致,同属于城市-工业型气溶胶类型;α与AOD没有明显的可辨析关系,通过样本统计和典型个例分析,表明区域内清洁与污染过程气溶胶粒子模态稳定,平均半径变化不大,粒子数浓度上的差别是产生消光效果不同的主要原因.以地面太阳光度计反演的AOD为基准,验证MODIS卫星遥感的AOD,结果表明,MODIS卫星遥感AOD在珠三角区域具有较好的量化精度,并初步建立珠三角区域卫星遥感AOD的订正公式.     

一种基于MODIS影像反演太湖Ⅱ类水体上空气溶胶参数的算法

基于Ⅱ类水体短波红外（Short-Wave Infrared,SWIR）波段离水反射率为0的假设,提出一种反演Ⅱ类水体上空气溶胶参数的算法（CaseⅡWater Algorithm, C2W）,并与AERONET(Aerosol Robotic Network)太湖站实测数据进行了比较分析.结果表明,反演得到的0.670μm与0.870μm两个波段的气溶胶光学厚度（Aerosol Optical Depth, AOD）与实测值呈现明显的线性关系（R2=0.974、0.971）,在气溶胶光学厚度τ>0.2时不确定性在Δτ=±0.03±0.05τ范围内.11期气溶胶有效半径（Aerosol Effective Radius,AER）数据中,9期的不确定性在±25%范围内,另外两期数据的不确定性在±30%以内.反演精度符合MODIS气溶胶产品的精度要求.     

超滤膜污染的光学在线监测和阻力分布研究

采用光散射颗粒分析仪(PDA)对截留液中颗粒物的浓度变化进行在线监测,并利用过滤体系中颗粒的质量守恒分析原理,建立了超滤膜污染的光学在线监测分析系统,并分别对截留分子量为1万,5万,10万三种聚醚砜超滤膜过滤高岭土悬浊液特性进行了分析研究。结果分析表明截留分子量越小的PES膜渗透单位体积液体时颗粒沉积量越多,也就是说具有相同沉积量的膜,截留分子量越小其具有的水力阻力越大。论文提出的光学在线监测方法为研究悬浮物质的膜污染提供了一种新的研究思路。     

武汉东湖水生植物生态学研究：Ⅲ沉水植被重建的可行性研究

根据武汉东湖水体光学性质,营养状况和东湖现存水生植被的分布状况,对东湖各湖区重建沉水植被的可行性作了探讨,认为东湖大部分湖区恢复沉水植物是可行的。牛巢湖,汤林湖,后湖等湖区一旦停止放养草食性鱼类,加之适当的人工促进措施,沉水植物完全可以恢复。     

PM2.5 over North China based on MODIS AOD and effect of meteorological elements during 2003‒2015

• The Taihang Mountains was the boundary between high and low pollution areas. • There were one high value center for PM_2.5 pollution and two low value centers. • In 2004, 2009 and after 2013, PM_2.5 concentration was relatively low. Over the past 40 years, PM_2.5 pollution in North China has become increasingly serious and progressively exposes the densely populated areas to pollutants. However, due to limited ground data, it is challenging to estimate accurate PM_2.5 exposure levels, further making it unfavorable for the prediction and prevention of PM_2.5 pollutions. This paper therefore uses the mixed effect model to estimate daily PM_2.5 concentrations of North China between 2003 and 2015 with ground observation data and MODIS AOD satellite data. The tempo-spatial characteristics of PM_2.5 and the influence of meteorological elements on PM_2.5 is discussed with EOF and canonical correlation analysis respectively. Results show that overall R² is 0.36 and the root mean squared predicted error was 30.1 μg/m³ for the model prediction. Our time series analysis showed that, the Taihang Mountains acted as a boundary between the high and low pollution areas in North China; while the northern part of Henan Province, the southern part of Hebei Province and the western part of Shandong Province were the most polluted areas. Although, in 2004, 2009 and dates after 2013, PM_2.5 concentrations were relatively low. Meteorological/topography conditions, that include high surface humidity of area in the range of 34°‒40°N and 119°‒124°E, relatively low boundary layer heights, and southerly and easterly winds from the east and north area were common factors attributed to haze in the most polluted area. Overall, the spatial distribution of increasingly concentrated PM_2.5 pollution in North China are consistent with the local emission level, unfavorable meteorological conditions and topographic changes.     

西北地区气溶胶光学特性的时空变化特征

利用2003-2018年的Aqua-MODIS C6.1气溶胶产品对西北地区气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)和Angstrom波长指数(AE)的时空分布特征进行研究,并结合当地站点气象要素资料,分析了气象要素对AOD的影响.结果表明,西北地区AOD的高值区位于塔克拉玛干沙漠和陕西关中地区;青海南部及新疆北部等是AOD的低值区....     

杭州市大气气溶胶光学厚度研究

利用2011~2012年杭州国家基准气候站内太阳光度计(CE-318)观测资料,分析杭州市气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)和Angstrom波长指数(α)的变化特征.结果表明,2011~2012年杭州市AOD500nm年平均值为0.86±0.47,α440~870nm年平均值为1.25±0.23.AOD季节变化特征不明显,主要与该地区天气形势以及内外源影响密切相关.α季节变化差异也不大,受北方带来的沙尘气溶胶影响,春季α略偏低.AOD呈现单峰型日变化特征,峰值出现在15:00,谷值出现在06:00,午后AOD明显升高主要与强烈的太阳辐射引起光化学反应产生的二次气溶胶以及近地层气溶胶在湍流输送作用下向城市上空扩散有关.从频率分布来看,AOD和α频率分布均呈现明显的单峰特征,并且较好的符合对数正态分布.α在高值区间1.1~1.7出现频率为77.8%,表明杭州市以平均半径较小的气溶胶粒子为主,属于城市-工业型气溶胶类型.杭州市AOD的高值(>1.0)主要表现为粗模态气溶胶以及细模态气溶胶的吸湿增长.     

卫星遥感监测近地表细颗粒物多元回归方法研究

对地基监测PM2.5和气象数据、MODISAOD卫星数据与NCEP FNL数据进行了处理分析,在与一元简单线性模型(模型1)进行对比的基础上,建立了适应于北京及其附近地区遥感监测近地面颗粒物(PM2.5)浓度的多元线性(模型2)和非线性(模型3)回归模型,并对模型进行了评价验证和遥感监测初步应用.结果表明:模型1,2,3分别能够解释PM2.5 32.5%,56.1%,62.7%的变异.反演的PM2.5浓度与站点监测值相关性分别为0.5488(R2=0.3012), 0.7449(R2=0.5549), 0.7431(R2=0.5523).对于站点监测PM2.5浓度63.1652μg/m3的均值,反演均方根误差RMSE分别为43.5562, 35.3321, 36.8450μg/m3.模型2和3中气象因子分别能够解释PM2.5 23.6%和12.6%的变异,说明了气象因子影响北京地区春季PM2.5-AOD关系的显著性.3种模型整体上都不同程度地存在着低值高估和高值低估的现象.     

石家庄一次沙尘气溶胶污染过程及光学特性

为掌握沙尘气溶胶远距离输送特征及其规律,对2015年4月15日影响石家庄空气质量的沙尘天气背景、污染特征进行了分析,利用HYSPLIT-4模式分析了沙尘气溶胶的后向轨迹,并利用微脉冲激光雷达和太阳光度计CE318监测资料分析了沙尘气溶胶的垂直分布和光学特性演变,与大风无沙尘沉降另一过程进行了对比,探讨了沙尘沉降对消光系数的影响,估算了沙尘沉降对地面PM₁₀浓度的贡献.结果表明:来自蒙古国的沙尘气溶胶以西北路径远距离输送沉降是导致石家庄PM₁₀浓度骤升的主要因素;沙尘沉降对消光系数和地面PM₁₀浓度具有重要贡献;气溶胶快速沉降时间与冷锋过境、冷空气下沉相一致;微脉冲激光雷达监测到整个沙尘气溶胶输送沉降过程,沉降之前沙尘气溶胶主要分布在1500~3000m高空,气溶胶消光系数随高度上升而增大,输送飘浮空中到沉降持续时间较长,为沙尘污染预警提供了"强信号"特征;气溶胶光学厚度随沙尘到达明显上升,浑浊度较高,粒径偏大,地面能见度随气溶胶光学厚度呈幂指数递减.