论环境管理会计

如何利用环境财务会计信息为企业内部管理层进行经营决策、投资决策服务是环境管理会计的研究内容。目前,国内有关环境管理会计的研究还很欠缺。从环境成本的核算与管理,环境投资决策分析及环境业绩评价3方面对环境管理会计的核心内容进行了探讨。     

昆仑山口西地震激发的地球环型振荡

利用中国数字地震台网(CDSN)改造后的7个台站3天的VHE、VHN波形资料,采用功率谱密度估计方法,在没有对资料进行去固体潮处理的情况下,提取了2001-11-14昆仑山口西地震激发的0T2～0T40地球环型自由振荡,并与地球初步参考模型(PREM)的理论自由振荡周期进行对比,发现环型振荡振型周期与PREM预测的环型自由振荡周期符合得很好。频率与PREM模型略微不一致的环型振荡振型可以解释为地球介质的横向不均匀性和各向异性所致。因此地球自由振荡信息可用于揭示地球的三维不均匀结构信息或各向异性信息,并可能对区分地幔对流模式(全地幔对流或上地幔对流)有所帮助。     

引入时间叠加的高斯液氨泄漏扩散 模拟及人员疏散研究

针对现有高斯模型进行液氨泄漏扩散模拟时未考虑气体空间叠加效应的问题,提出了改进的引入了时间叠加因素的高斯扩散模型。以某 工业园区用氨单位为实例,模拟毒气泄漏扩散情形,分析液氨泄漏后的浓度分布,在此基础上划分事故影响范围,结合周边实际情况,建立了 风险矩阵和人口密度矩阵,进行区域社会风险分析,验证了模拟的准确性,根据高斯扩散浓度范围及区域社会风险分析结果,确定了疏散区域 及最佳疏散路径,可为工业园区的应急疏散提供决策支撑。     

Waste gasification vs. conventional Waste-to-Energy: a comparative evaluation of two commercial technologies

A number of waste gasification technologies are currently proposed as an alternative to conventional Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plants. Assessing their potential is made difficult by the scarce operating experience and the fragmentary data available. After defining a conceptual framework to classify and assess waste gasification technologies, this paper compares two of the proposed technologies with conventional WtE plants. Performances are evaluated by proprietary software developed at Politecnico di Milano and compared on the basis of a coherent set of assumptions. Since the two gasification technologies are configured as “two-step oxidation” processes, their energy performances are very similar to those of conventional plants. The potential benefits that may justify their adoption relate to material recovery and operation/emission control: recovery of metals in non-oxidized form; collection of ashes in inert, vitrified form; combustion control; lower generation of some pollutants.     

基于多因素出口选择的建筑疏散指示优化设计

建筑疏散指示标志关系到人们的生命安全,为了寻找一种更为有效的引导疏散的思路,实现紧急疏散时合理、有效地引导人员逃生,提出了以疏散人员到出口的距离、出口宽度和出口区域人员密度三个因素为基础的出口选择模式作为建筑疏散指示标志的设计规则;研究了仅考虑距离因素选择出口时疏散人员分配失衡的现象,展示了以人员到出口的距离、出口宽度、出口区域人员密度三个因素为基础的出口选择引导模式对建筑疏散的优化效果。研究结果表明:根据距离、出口宽度和出口区域人员密度三个因素来确定疏散指示标志设计的规则,避免了人员密集建筑场所“就近出口”带来的不利因素,实现了疏散资源的高效利用。     

TROPICAL EUTROPHIC LAKE MODELING AND PARAMETER DISCRIMINATION1

ABSTRACT: Water quality data collected between 1978 and 1981 in a highly lake in Northern Venezuela, Lake Valencia, were analyzed to detect spatial and temporal trends. Based on the results of the analyses, an appropriate nutrient-algae dynamics model was formulated. Because many parameters, such as the algae concentration were constant over time, and the model is time dependent, the model had to be calibrated with the use of a large and structured trial-and-error calibration process. Through the calibration process, the most sensitive parameters of the model were identified, and are in order of importance: the chlorophyll-to-nitrogen ratio for algae, the algae settling velocity, the phosphorus release rate from the sediments, the chlorophyll-to-phosphorus ratio for algae, and the exchange coefficient in the upper layer of the lake. Model simulations showed that a reduction in the nitrogen load to the lake as well as a reduction in the phosphorus load will decrease the algae population. These model simulations had a high degree of uncertainty associated with them, making additional sampling directed towards the measurement of the sensitive parameters desirable.     

中国的地震灾害损失预测

估计某个地区未来将会遭到多大的地震灾害损失.对于减轻地震灾害是十分重要的科学问题.因力地震预防和救灾的基础是对未来地震灾害的定量估计.地震灾害主要由两方面因素决定.一方面是未来地震动强烈程度的估计(地震危险性分析).另一方面是各个地震动等级对社会、经济、人口等所造成的损害程度估计(地震易损性分析). 本文介绍了以上两方面研究工作的进展,以及国家地震局“未来地震灾害损失预测研究组”试编的中国未来50年地震灾害损失预测图及其应用.讨论了在灾害预测方面所遇到的科学问题.     

海水法烟气脱硫排水水质的估算和分析

对烟气海水法脱硫的排水水质进行了定量估算,并讨论了工艺排水对附近海域水质的影响.     

ASM1改进模型简介及应用

Twostepmantis模型是在ASM1模型基础上发展而成,它可对碳氧化、传统硝化反硝化、同时硝化反硝化过程、好氧反硝化进行模拟。应用Twostepmantis模型,对一序批式活性污泥法(SBR)实验进行模拟预测,结果表明,模型确实可以很有效解释大部分实验数据。     

REDUCING THE RISK OF FISHERY RESOURCE DISASTERS: A BIOECONOMIC APPROACH TO SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT1

Abstract: Recognition is growing that fisheries must be both ecologically and commercially sustainable. The bioeconomic models proposed herein constitute an analytic framework capable of integrating the ethics and Societal values associated with fisheries preservation. Specifically, we focus on the normalized optimal (equilibrium) fish population, z*, a dimensionless variable representing biomass as a proportion of environmental capacity. We model z* as a function of (a) the dimensionless "bionomic growth ratio", γ, which is the ratio of the discount rate to the intrinsic population growth rate, and (b) the preservation coefficient, Ω, which is the ratio of the preservation value (a measure of Society's value for the stock) to price, assuming that the population growth rate and intrinsic growth rate are fixed. It is shown that increasing Ω significantly impacts z*, particularly for moderate values of γ (2 γ 4). Finally, stochastic population models are used to analyze the risk of a fish stock collapse due to harvesting pressures. The bioeconomic models and simulations herein described improve the accuracy and reliability of maximum sustainable yield management.