基于最优传递矩阵的层次分析法在桥梁震害评估中的应用

影响桥梁抗震性能的因素众多,鉴于传统的定量方法无法精确权衡各因素的影响程度,因此,考虑将不确定型层次分析法引入桥梁的震害评估中,对区间标度的合理选择作了简要讨论,运用1～9标度采集数据,兼顾10/10～18/2标度的精确性,对初始判断矩阵进行折算。利用最优传递矩阵的概念,对传统的AHP进行改进,直接求出各指标的权重值。并将此方法应用到实例当中,建立基于地震波、墩台基础、支座、结构因素、环境因素等多因素影响下的桥梁震害评估模型,得到桥梁最终的综合评估值。     

Optimization of C/N ratio for preparation of protein-rich and multi-enzymes feed thallus through synergic fermentation of mixed distillers'grains

A new procedure of determining optimal C/N (the rate of carbon source to nitrogen source) of mixed distillers' grains for combined bacteria synergic fermentation is established. At the same time an improved method evaluating bacteria growth, called method of dry cell weighing by filtering is developed. For each combination of C and N , their initial and residual contents before and after fermentation respectively are determined. Then followed the calculation of utilization of C and N sources by the compound bacteria. The optimal C/N is finally located from among the utilization of C and N of several combinations and the weight of produced mass of oven-dried thallus The conditions of fermentation are: inoculum size 10%, temperature 30.0℃, rotational speed 170 r/min, shake culture time 48h. The best results obtained from orthogonal experiments are: maximum mass of oven dried thallus is 14.693g in a liter liquid medium, maximum utilization rate of carbon source is 98.13% and maximum utilization rate of nitrogen is 78.14%. Optimal C/N is 5.1.     

COMPARISON OF REGRESSION AND TIME-SERIES METHODS FOR SYNTHESIZING MISSING STREAMFLOW RECORDS1

ABSTRACT: Regression and time-series techniques have been used to synthesize and predict the stream flow at the Foresta Bridge gage from information at the upstream Pohono Bridge gage on the Merced River near Yosemite National Park. Using the available data from two time periods (calendar year 1979 and water year 1986), we evaluated the two techniques in their ability to model the variation in the observed flows and in their ability to predict stream flow at the Foresta Bridge gage for the 1979 time period with data from the 1986 time period. Both techniques produced reasonably good estimates and forecasts of the flow at the downstream gage. However, the regression model was found to have a significant amount of autocorrelation in the residuals, which the time-series model was able to eliminate. The time-series technique presented can be of great assistance in arriving at reasonable estimates of flow in data sets that have large missing portions of data.     

对复配菌群降解焦化废水优化条件的探讨

焦化废水属于含苯环的芳香类化合物和杂环化舍物的难降解有机废水。在正常条件下,难以取得很好效果,在复配茵群降解焦化废水生物处理工程中,只有在优良的环境条件下,复配菌群才能更好地生长、繁殖,从而达到最佳的处理效果。     

Spatial modeling and prediction under stationary non-geometric range anisotropy

For modeling spatial processes, we propose a rich parametric class of stationary range anisotropic covariance structures that, when applied in R², greatly increases the scope of variogram contors. Geometric anisotropy, which provides the most common generalization of isotropy within stationarity, is a special case. Our class is built from monotonic isotropic correlation functions and special cases include the Matérn and the general exponential functions. As a result, our range anisotropic correlation specification can be attached to a second order stationary spatial process model, unlike ad hoc approaches to range anisotropy in the literature. We adopt a Bayesian perspective to obtain full inference and demonstrate how to fit the resulting model using sampling-based methods. In the presence of measurement error/microscale effect, we can obtain both the usual predictive as well as the noiseless predictive distribution. We analyze a data set of scallop catches under the general exponential range anisotropic model, withholding ten sites to compare the accuracy and precision of the standard and noiseless predictive distributions.     

垃圾降解过程中脲酶测定条件优化

在土壤脲酶测定方法的基础上,以垃圾填埋场中的填埋垃圾为研究对象,通过单因素试验和正交试验对垃圾降解过程中脲酶活性测定方法进行优化。结果表明,垃圾降解过程中脲酶活性测定最优条件为:垃圾样品风干温度30℃,甲苯0.5mL,10%尿素1mL,0.1mol/LpH5.5柠檬酸钠缓冲液3mL,培养温度及培养时间分别为30℃和24h。优化后的的测定条件RSD小于0.82%,且测定值较传统方法提高30.48%～147.28%,表明该方法精密度高,可行性强。     

儿童肺功能的多因子及交互影响分析

在儿童肺功能横断面数据基础上,运用多元线性回归,研究了影响儿童肺功能的多因子及其交互效应.结果表明,儿童肺功能指标主要受儿童基本体质情况、呼吸系统疾病和家庭室内暴露因子以及这些因子的交互影响.儿童肺功能与空气颗粒物(PM10-2.5和TSP)的负相关比较显著,未发现与SO₂和NO_x有显著相关性.作者还对空气颗粒物与年均取暖期燃煤取暖、母乳喂养、呼吸系统疾病等因子的交互效应进行了研究,发现细颗粒物对儿童肺功能的影响更为不利.     

基于改进灰色模型的管壁蜡沉积厚度预测研究

为对含蜡原油管道中的蜡沉积厚度进行准确预测,在函数cot(x2)变换的基础上,结合平移变换思想,利用cot(x2+c)变换建立新的改进GM(1,1)模型。以现场管道结蜡数据和室内环道结蜡数据为例,对比改进GM(1,1)模型、基于函数cot(x2)变换建立的GM(1,1)模型及传统GM(1,1)模型之间的预测精度,并分析平移量c对改进GM(1,1)模型预测精度的影响。结果表明:改进GM(1,1)模型的预测精度最高,其次是基于函数cot(x2)变换建立的GM(1,1)模型,而传统GM(1,1)模型的预测精度最低;随着平移量的增大,改进GM(1,1)模型的平均相对预测误差呈现出先减小后增大的趋势,因此合理的平移量有助于模型精度的提高。应用改进GM(1,1)模型来预测管道蜡沉积厚度是可行的,该方法可为含蜡原油管道蜡沉积厚度的准确预测提供参考和借鉴。     

国土空间规划背景下的山体生态修复规划研究—以南宁市为例

为探索系统性、大尺度的山体国土空间生态修复新路径,以南宁市为例,通过构建山体生态系统服务功能评价指标体系并开展山体生态功能评价,划分山体生态功能分区,制定山体生态修复与提升方案,建立了以“本底评价—功能分区—修复提升”为一体的区域山体国土空间生态修复规划方法。结果显示,研究区主要山体面积占比约37.26%,在空间上集中连片分布;山体生态功能高度和中度重要区占比达85%,是山体生态保护修复的核心区域;研究区可划分为山体生态保育区、水源地保护区、生态游憩协调区等8类分区,分别执行相应的管控措施;统筹保护与发展需求,制定了速生桉种植调整、山体群落结构优化、生态游憩带构建、受损山体生态修复等山体修复提升规划方案。区域山体国土空间生态修复规划应协调生态保护修复与城市发展需求,统筹山体资源的保护、修复和利用,分区、分类制定方案。

     

妫水河湿地植物作用及调水水质响应模拟

本文基于湿地植物在河流湖泊中的物理、生化反应机制,应用MIKE21中EcoLab的编辑功能,建立湿地植物的水质模块,将植物的阻流、产氧、耗氧及微生物和植物吸收营养盐过程参与计算中,耦合湿地水动力实现水质模拟.在对妫水河表流湿地调研及监测基础上,建立妫水河下游与三里河的模型,考虑湿地植物类型、分布及水量变化下的植物有效面积等作用,定量研究工程尺度上河流湿地水动力及水质净化效果.计算中采用实测数据率定湿地植物对水质作用的关键参数,并对模拟结果进行验证.通过模拟,无循环系统对支流三里河及上游调水时,岸带湿地建设后相比建设前,下游出口处氨氮、磷酸盐和总氮的浓度下降了14.29%、 33.33%和20.00%;循环系统运行后,三里河和妫水河上游流量分别增加0.4 m³·s^-1,使得部分河段水位抬升,断面平均流速略有增加,三里河和妫水河的有效湿地覆盖率分别增加了144.44%和13.16%,出水口处水质与工程前相比,氨氮、磷酸盐和总氮分别下降了35.71%、 50.00%和46.67%,循环体系的建设加强了湿地净化功能.模型有机地将湿地植物分布融合进模型...