灰色综合评判法与大气环境质量评价

依据灰色理论中白化函数的构造原则和聚类原理，提出了灰色综合评判法，并以大气环境质量评价为例作了说明。该法以等斜率方式构造白化函数，拓展了白化函数中污染物浓度的取值范围，有较高的信息利用率。评价结果能同时给出各评价对象所属的污染级别和各评价对象之间环境质量的优劣，具有较强的实用性。     

DEHP与OVA联合染毒对小鼠肺功能和肺部IL-17表达的作用

为探讨邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(di-(2-ehtylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP)在单独染毒和与卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)联合染毒条件下对小鼠气道的影响及其相关机制,将Balb/c小鼠随机分为:未处理对照组(生理盐水组)、DEHP染毒组、OVA染毒组、DEHP+ OVA联合染毒组(DEHP+ OVA),每组雄性Balb/c小鼠6只.用OVA致敏加激发的方式制作小鼠哮喘模型.DEHP染毒组每天给予10 mg·kg-1 DEHP灌胃,连续54 d.OVA染毒组、DEHP+ OVA染毒组小鼠均在第54～60 d(共计1周)进行1％ OVA雾化(30 min·d-1),每日1次,诱发哮喘.第60 d进行以下操作:肺功能测试,肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)样品收集和肺组织中的Interleukin-17A(IL-17A)含量的测定.结果显示,与DEHP染毒组相比,DEHP与OVA联合染毒组小鼠BALF的IL-17A显著增加(p＜0.05),肺功能降低(p＜0.05),气道重塑,肺部细胞浸润明显.提示DEHP对小鼠哮喘模型佐剂作用的分子机制可能涉及IL-17的介导作用.     

危险化学品物流网络选址-运输优化研究

为兼顾经济与安全效益,实现危险化学品物流配送中心选址与运输路径选择的联合互动,建立综合选址-选线模型。该模型考虑危险化学品的风险特性、时间属性、路线路面状况及沿线周围环境随车辆移动的变化,以配送中心建设运行费用、运输费用、选址风险、运输风险和敏感目标人数为优化目标。采用专家打分法对各子目标权重进行打分,将多目标规划问题转化为单目标决策问题来求解,并根据模型给出一种启发式算法。网络选址-运输优化可降低危险化学品物流事故率和沿线人员伤亡风险,优化影响人员风险与物流成本冲突问题,实现最佳网点布局及路径选择。     

Effects of vegetation type on soil microbial community structure and catabolic diversity assessed by polyphasic methods in North China

Soil microbes play a major role in ecological processes and are closely associated with the aboveground plant community.In order to understand the effects of vegetation type on the characteristics of soil microbial communities,the soil microbial communities were assessed by plate counts,phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and Biolog microplate techniques in five plant communities,i.e.,soybean field (SF),artificial turf (AT),artificial shrub (AS),natural shrub (NS),and maize field (MF) in Jinan,Shandong Province,North China.The results showed that plant diversity had little discernible effect on microbial biomass but a positive impact on the evenness of utilized substrates in Biolog microplate.Legumes could significantly enhance the number of cultural microorganisms,microbial biomass,and community catabolic diversity.Except for SF dominated by legumes,the biomass of fungi and the catabolic diversity of microbial community were higher in less disturbed soil beneath NS than in frequently disturbed soils beneath the other vegetation types.These results confirmed that high number of plant species,legumes,and natural vegetation types tend to support soil microbial communities with higher function.The present study also found a significant correlation between the number of cultured bacteria and catabolic diversity of the bacterial community.Different research methods led to varied results in this study.The combination of several approaches is recommended for accurately describing the characteristics of microbial communities in many respects.     

赤子爱胜蚓处理鲜牛粪的适宜条件研究

文章以鲜牛粪为饵料,通过培养试验研究不同乙酸添加量、湿度、温度、接种密度和添加EM菌对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia foetida)生长繁殖的影响,从而为蚯蚓处理畜禽粪便筛选最适宜的生长条件。结果表明:蚯蚓生长最适宜的条件为,每90g(干重)饵料接种8条蚯蚓,加1mL10%的乙酸溶液,含水率控制在65%～70%;温度控制在20～25℃,并接种EM菌促进蚯蚓的生长繁殖。     

福建西部山地水土流失区土壤呼吸的空间异质性

土壤呼吸(Rs)作用的空间异质性对于准确估算水土流失区碳收支具有重要意义.通过对长汀县河田镇59个样地的土壤呼吸及土壤全氮(TN)、碳氮比(C/N)、有机碳含量(SOC)、叶面积指数(LAI)、土壤温度(T_(10))、土壤湿度(W)等影响因子测定的基础上,运用传统和地统计学的方法分析了土壤呼吸及其影响因子的空间异质性.结果表明,Rs及其影响因子的变异程度大小依次为:LAISOCTNRsC/NT_(10)W;Rs与T_(10)呈极显著正相关(P0.01),与TN呈显著正相关(P0.05),与其他因子的相关性不显著(P0.05);TN、SOC和T_(10)这3个因子可以解释土壤呼吸27%的空间变化.地统计学分析结果表明:Rs具有中等程度的空间自相关性,结构性因子引起的空间异质性占52.89%,与随机因素的占比(47.11%)相当;Rs及其影响因子的分维数大小依次为:RsLAIC/NT_(10)SOCWTN;Rs的空间分布格局与TN和T_(10)的空间分布格局较为一致,而与C/N、SOC、LAI的空间分布格局不同.在95%置信水平和90%估计精度下,Rs的合理采样数量为62个.     

土地生态功能的特点与保护

土地的生态功能指在物质、能量迁移与转化过程中,土地所表现的能够满足和维持生物体以及人类生活需要的自然环境条件和效用。它包括生态环境的调节功能和生物支持功能两大类,具有整体性、关联性、空间地域性和时间动态性等特征。其中,生态环境的调节功能可分为保护土壤功能、防风固沙、涵养水源功能、调节微气候功能、净化环境功能等五类;生物支持功能主要指产生与维持生物多样性,为生物提供良好的栖息环境。土地的生态功能除了受地形地貌、土壤、气候、水、植物等自然条件的制约外,还受土地利用方式、土地利用结构和区域土地政策等社会经济因素的影响。     

3S技术在锦州市环境功能区划数字化研究中的应用

针对锦州市原有的各类环境功能区划图都是以位图形式存贮于纸介质、应用起来具有一定的局限性的现状,将3S技术应用于环境功能区划的数字化研究,建立矢量化的锦州市环境功能区划信息数据库;将原有多个分散功能区划进行整合,并建立基于网络和单机2种不同环境下的信息发布系统,借以提升环境功能区划数据的应用价值。     

空气污染与儿童肺功能指标的相关分析

采用两步回归法研究了中国4城市空气污染与儿童肺功能指标的相关关系.结果表明,PM_2.5、PM₁₀、TSP等与FEV₁、FEV₁/FVC的调整均值、FEV₁/FVC≤80%的异常率有显著的统计相关关系.说明空气中颗粒物污染是导致儿童小气道通气功能障碍的重要因素之一.研究中未发现SO₂、NO_X污染与儿童的肺功能指标有统计上的相关性.     

Optimization of C/N ratio preparation of protein-rich and multi-enzymes feed thallus through synergic fermentation of mixed distillers' grains

A new procedure of determining optimal C/N (the rate of carbon source to nitrogen source) of mixed distillers‘ grains for combined bacteria synergic fermentation is established.At the same time an improved method evaluating bacteria growth,called method of dry cell weighing by filtering is developed.For each combination of C and N,their initial and residual contents before and after fermentation respectively are determined.Then followed the calculation of utilization of C and N sources by the compound bacteria.The optimal C/N is finally located from among the utilization of C and N of several combinations and the weight of produced mass of oven-dried thallus.The conditions of fermentation are:inoculum size 10%,temperature 30.0℃,rotational speed 170 r/min,shake culture time 48h.The best results obtained from orthogonal experiments are:maximum mass of oven dried thallus is 14.693g in a liter liquid medium,maximum utilization rate of carbon source is 98.13% and maximum utilization rate of nitrogen is 78.14%.Optimal C/N is 5.1。