城镇生活垃圾优化处理技术研究

简述了生活垃圾处理技术现状,提出了生活垃圾优化处理技术方案,并与现行技术进行了对比。工程实例表明该技术处理效果好,值得推广。     

以控制资源消耗量为突破口做好环境保护规划

提出了稳态、非稳态社会经济系统在环境方面的基本关系式.着重说明了资源消耗量是源头上的"因",而环境质量是最终的"果".提出了以控制资源消耗量为重点,进一步完善末端治理,提高环境自净能力,标本兼治的环境保护工作思路.介绍了编制环保规划要掌握的2个基本公式.强调了单位(以104元计)GDP环境负荷及其年下降率的重要性.穿越"环境高山",应成为制定规划的目标.按计划管理模式,编制环境保护规划,在我国可能是完全必要的.      

精对苯二甲酸废水处理技术及优化

介绍了PTA废水的水质、水量特点和国内PTA生产企业废水处理现状;推荐了PTA废水的优化预处理工艺、优化主体处理工艺、加强管理减少废水排放的主要措施;指出了目前存在的问题及今后的发展方向。     

电动生物修复中电极矩阵的优化设计

对电动生物修复中单对电极间的电场分布进行了模拟,并以此定义了修复的有效作用区.通过旋转叠加的方式,求出了各种电极矩阵构型的有效作用区分布,最后筛选出2种优化的电极构型,并通过小型实验加以验证.理论优化和实验结果表明,“中”字形和六边形分别是不同旋转方式下最优的电极构型.采用这2种电极构型,可节省电极材料费,同时保持系统的稳定性和污染物去除的均匀性,因而具有良好应用前景.     

关于旅游环境保护规划的探讨：以新疆克拉玛依市为例

不合理的旅游开发带来的一系列环境问题引起社会广泛关注。旅游环境保护规划作为区域旅游发展规划中一个重要组成部分,是实现社会发展要求旅游规划具备整和性与环境兼容性之功能的有效手段之一,有必要通过实践,尽快提高其科学性、系统性和可操作性。本文试图通过实例对旅游环境保护规划做初步探讨。     

MULTIOBJECTIVE REAL‐TIME RESERVOIR OPERATION WITH A NETWORK FLOW ALGORITHM1

ABSTRACT: A network flow algorithm has been developed for the optimization of real‐time operation of a multiple reservoir system. Two purposes have been considered in the operation: flood control and hydropower generation. A special network structure was developed which allows the consideration of river routing. A multiobjective formulation is utilized thus allowing generation of a non‐dominated curve. The effect of imperfect forecast on the performance of the real‐time operation model is also evaluated. An application is made to a subsystem of the Brazilian hydroelectric system, located in the Paranapanema river basin. In this case study, the model showed good performance under the largest flood of the historical records.     

MATLAB在脱硫反应器设计中的应用

介绍了强大的数值分析软件ＭＡＴＬＡＢ在脱硫反应器设计中的应用。通过计算反应器内部静态电场,比较了线板式、线筒式、线线式反应器中的电场分布,从而可以选择较优的反应器结构。     

基于人工神经网络理论的系统安全评价

阐述了人工神经网络基本原理 ,研究分析了 BP神经网络模型的缺陷并提出了优化策略。在此基础上 ,将神经网络理论应用于系统安全评价之中 ,提出了基于此理论的系统安全评价模型、实现方法和优点 ;评价实例证明了此方法的可行性。     

Climate Change,Marine Environments,and the U.S. Endangered Species Act

Climate change is expected to be a top driver of global biodiversity loss in the 21st century. It poses new challenges to conserving and managing imperiled species, particularly in marine and estuarine ecosystems. The use of climate‐related science in statutorily driven species management, such as under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), is in its early stages. This article provides an overview of ESA processes, with emphasis on the mandate to the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to manage listed marine, estuarine, and anadromous species. Although the ESA is specific to the United States, its requirements are broadly relevant to conservation planning. Under the ESA, species, subspecies, and “distinct population segments” may be listed as either endangered or threatened, and taking of most listed species (harassing, harming, pursuing, wounding, killing, or capturing) is prohibited unless specifically authorized via a case‐by‐case permit process. Government agencies, in addition to avoiding take, must ensure that actions they fund, authorize, or conduct are not likely to jeopardize a listed species’ continued existence or adversely affect designated critical habitat. Decisions for which climate change is likely to be a key factor include: determining whether a species should be listed under the ESA, designating critical habitat areas, developing species recovery plans, and predicting whether effects of proposed human activities will be compatible with ESA‐listed species’ survival and recovery. Scientific analyses that underlie these critical conservation decisions include risk assessment, long‐term recovery planning, defining environmental baselines, predicting distribution, and defining appropriate temporal and spatial scales. Although specific guidance is still evolving, it is clear that the unprecedented changes in global ecosystems brought about by climate change necessitate new information and approaches to conservation of imperiled species. El Cambio Climático, los Ecosistemas Marinos y el Acta Estadunidense de Especies en Peligro     

Reserve design to optimize functional connectivity and animal density

Ecological distance-based spatial capture–recapture models (SCR) are a promising approach for simultaneously estimating animal density and connectivity, both of which affect spatial population processes and ultimately species persistence. We explored how SCR models can be integrated into reserve-design frameworks that explicitly acknowledge both the spatial distribution of individuals and their space use resulting from landscape structure. We formulated the design of wildlife reserves as a budget-constrained optimization problem and conducted a simulation to explore 3 different SCR-informed optimization objectives that prioritized different conservation goals by maximizing the number of protected individuals, reserve connectivity, and density-weighted connectivity. We also studied the effect on our 3 objectives of enforcing that the space-use requirements of individuals be met by the reserve for individuals to be considered conserved (referred to as home-range constraints). Maximizing local population density resulted in fragmented reserves that would likely not aid long-term population persistence, and maximizing the connectivity objective yielded reserves that protected the fewest individuals. However, maximizing density-weighted connectivity or preemptively imposing home-range constraints on reserve design yielded reserves of largely spatially compact sets of parcels covering high-density areas in the landscape with high functional connectivity between them. Our results quantify the extent to which reserve design is constrained by individual home-range requirements and highlight that accounting for individual space use in the objective and constraints can help in the design of reserves that balance abundance and connectivity in a biologically relevant manner.