Multiscale Drivers of Water Chemistry of Boreal Lakes and Streams

The variability in surface water chemistry within and between aquatic ecosystems is regulated by many factors operating at several spatial and temporal scales. The importance of geographic, regional-, and local-scale factors as drivers of the natural variability of three water chemistry variables representing buffering capacity and the importance of weathering (acid neutralizing capacity, ANC), nutrient concentration (total phosphorus, TP), and importance of allochthonous inputs (total organic carbon, TOC) were studied in boreal streams and lakes using a method of variance decomposition. Partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) of ANC, TP, and TOC and 38 environmental variables in 361 lakes and 390 streams showed the importance of the interaction between geographic position and regional-scale variables. Geographic position and regional-scale factors combined explained 15.3% (streams) and 10.6% (lakes) of the variation in ANC, TP, and TOC. The unique variance explained by geographic, regional, and local-scale variables alone was <10%. The largest amount of variance was explained by the pure effect of regional-scale variables (9.9% for streams and 7.8% for lakes), followed by local-scale variables (2.9% and 5.8%) and geographic position (1.8% and 3.7%). The combined effect of geographic position, regional-, and local-scale variables accounted for between 30.3% (lakes) and 39.9% (streams) of the variance in surface water chemistry. These findings lend support to the conjecture that lakes and streams are intimately linked to their catchments and have important implications regarding conservation and restoration (management) endeavors.     

燃煤电厂排渣输灰管道清垢器的设计

燃煤电厂输灰管道结垢问题影响发电机组的正常运行.设计研制一种输灰管道清垢器实现不停机除垢,避免传统酸洗对管道的腐蚀破坏和对环境的污染,同时大大降低了成本.设计过程中应用三维CAD建模,利用有限元方法对关键部件校验分析,缩短了设计周期,提高了清垢器的可靠性.     

煤炭应急供应的储备机制研究

借鉴关于石油储备的研究,界定煤炭应急储备的含义,分析煤炭储备的功能。根据我国煤炭供应的特点,探讨煤炭应急储备模式,提出我国煤炭应急储备的基本构想,指出我国煤炭应急储备应以地方储备、企业储备、现货储备为主,应急储备和日常储备相结合。从煤炭消费量、自给率、运输条件、经济实力4个方面分析影响储备规模的因素,测算各省区的储备规模。结合煤炭应急储备的基本构想和煤炭应急储备计划、轮换、动用的要求,提出煤炭储备管理的二级储备体系和三级管理体系,以及政府监督、市场运作、企业主导的储备运行模式。该研究成果对我国煤炭应急储备体系的建设具有很好的借鉴和参考意义。     

The connectedness to nature scale: A measure of emotional connection to nature?

Mayer and Frantz (2004) proposed that their connectedness to nature scale (CNS) provides a measure of people's emotional connection to nature. After reanalyzing data from their article, collecting and analyzing our own data, and conducting a content analysis of CNS scale items, we conclude that the CNS does not measure an emotional connection to nature. Although results from our Study 1 and Study 2 support Mayer and Frantz's conclusion that the CNS measures one predominant factor, we suggest that factor measures cognitive beliefs and not emotional connections. Results from our Studies 3 and 4 suggest that the self-referential, less negatively toned wording of CNS items may account for differences in correlations, between the CNS and environmentalism (a measure of environmental identity) and between the New Ecological Paradigm Scale (a measure of environmental beliefs) and environmentalism, reported by Mayer and Frantz. In Study 5, we suggest that correlation differences reported by Mayer and Frantz may also be attributable to method variance, as opposed to content differences between the CNS and the New Ecological Paradigm scale. We provide recommendations for revising the CNS to focus on beliefs about their connection to nature.     

新型杀生剂与阻垢剂组合在城市污水回用中的应用

针对城市污水处理厂二级出水回用作循环冷却水补充水的工艺,采用新型杀生剂与阻垢剂组合进行了动态试验。加入药剂后腐蚀速率为0.00087g/（m^2·h）和0.00116g/（m^2·h）,缓蚀率在80%左右,表明该药剂能较好地控制铜管腐蚀。     

山东半岛城市群等级规模结构的分形研究

运用分形理论对山东半岛城市群的等级规模结构进行了研究,借助齐夫和帕雷托公式分别测算了其分维值。结果表明,山东半岛城市群的等级规模结构比较分散,人口分布差异较大,城市群体系发育还不成熟。针对这些问题,提出了优化山东半岛城市群等级结构的对策措施,以期实现山东半岛城市群的持续、稳定、快速和健康发展。     

蠕虫L.variegatus在污泥减量中的作用与应用前景分析

剩余污泥已成为污水处理厂亟待解决的棘手问题。虽然现有污泥减量技术众多,但或多或少都存在着技术或经济上的不足。蠕虫——L.variegatus应用于污泥减量具有较好的实际效果以及潜在的商业利用价值,因此,近年来受到人们关注。首先,介绍L.variegatus一般习性、对污泥减量的试验效果。然后,对L.variegatus应用于大规模连续系统的要点进行了技术分析。最后,对L.variegatus应用于实际污水处理厂污泥减量的技术与经济的合理性进行分析和估算。     

城市景观水体水质净化的人工湿地设计

从设计规模、水质标准、湿地平面和堤坝设计、进水方式以及防渗结构和湿地植物等方面,介绍了用于景观水体水质净化的人工湿地系统及设计方案。以西北地区某园区为例,根据天然地势设计了5级阶梯式人工湿地,确保出水水质作为景观水水源,并参与城市人工河湖系统的水循环系统的正常代谢。     

地块尺度城市土地质量地球化学调查方法:以雄安新区起步区为例

以土地质量地球化学调查评价成果服务于城市土地资源精准管护为目标,选择中国城镇化探路者的雄安新区起步区为研究对象,采用差异化分类布设样点,开展不同采样密度条件下地块尺度土壤元素空间插值精度、地块（图斑）插值精度和地球化学预测评价等级准确度的定量评估研究.结果表明：①采用差异化分类布设样点方法使平面上随机分布的区域地球化学量变值在每一个地块（图斑）都有明确的量值反映,能满足城市土地资源精准管护对单一地块（图斑）具有质量属性的基本需求;②研究区土壤元素指标空间变异性以轻中度为主;其中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、N、P和Se受人类生产活动影响,具有较高的空间变异性;③相同采样密度条件下,元素含量空间变异性越大,其空间插值精度和图斑插值精度越低;同一种元素插值精度受采样密度的影响,但采样密度的增大并不一定能够识别土壤元素含量的结构性连续组分;区内土壤环境本底清洁,重金属含量低于GB15618-2018标准,其插值评价等级和实测评价等级结果基本一致;养分指标N、P和K含量区间变化大,受人为扰动和空间变异性等因素影响,其预测等级和实测等级差异较大;④采用16点·km^-2的采样密度开展地块尺度城市土地质量地球化学调查评价可以满足研究区及类似地区城市土地资源精准管控的需求.     

淮河(蚌埠段)饮用水源水生物接触氧化预处理生产性试验

为了探索饮用水生预处理的可行性,进行了国内第一家生产规模饮用水生物接触氧化预处理装置试验,试验表明,在水气比１：１,滤速３．６－６．０ｍ／ｈ时,生物预处理对水源水中有机物和氨氮的去除效率分别为１３．６％－２０．５％,７０％－９０％,影响生物预处理运行效果的主要因素是溶解氧和温度。