六箱一体化工艺处理城市污水周期设置的试验

介绍了智能型六箱一体化活性污泥脱氮除磷工艺的运行方式及原理,并研究了周期设置对污染物去除的影响。中试研究表明,在泥龄13d和水力停留时间13h的条件下．当周期时间为16h时．工艺取得良好的脱氮除磷效果．出水水质可达国家一级A排放标准。     

厚软场地上大跨径桥梁设计反应谱研究

大跨径桥梁塔高、跨径大、自振周期长,深厚、软弱场地的长周期地震动对桥体结构影响较大。我国《公路工程抗震设计规范(JT J004-89)》也只适用主跨不超过150 m的梁桥和拱桥,国内长期以来没有一个适用于大跨径桥梁的抗震设计规范或指南。本文结合大跨径桥梁工程实例,根据场地土层静、动力性能参数的原位测试和动三轴试验结果,进行厚软场地土层地震反应分析,研究厚软场地的地震动效应,讨论了不同地震动强度时厚软场地的设计反应谱特征,分析了现行规范设计反应谱应用的局限性,成果对相关工程有重要指导意义,对大跨径桥梁抗震设计规范的制定也有借鉴作用。     

2002~2009年兰州PM10人体健康经济损失评估

参考近年来公开发表的国内外流行病学文献,筛选出PM10的健康效应终点和适合于兰州地区的暴露-反应关系系数,对2002~2009年兰州地区PM10人体健康经济损失进行了计算.结果表明2002年以来兰州地区PM10人体健康经济损失并未明显升高,而是逐年波动;年损失值均在10亿元以上,其中2009年最高为16.6亿元; PM10人体健康经济损失与GDP的比值呈明显下降的趋势.     

保护性耕作对黑河流域农田土壤水分利用的影响

为了探讨保护性耕作节水、 增产潜力及其在黑河流域的适应性,设计20 cm留茬(NS20)、 20 cm留茬压倒(NPS20)、 40 cm留茬(NS40)、 40 cm留茬压倒(NPS40)和传统耕作(CT)5个处理,研究了保护性耕作对黑河流域农田土壤含水量、 产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响.结果表明:相对传统耕作,保护性耕作增加了土壤贮水量:在2003年和2004年休闲期结束后,NPS40、 NS40、 NS20和NPS20表层0~30 cm土壤贮水量较CT分别增加30.22%、 27.29%、 20.92%、 13.64%和48.32%、 38.90%、 29.85%、 23.28%;2004、 2005两年播种期0~5 cm土壤含水量NPS40、 NS40、 NPS20和NS20较CT分别增加37.29%、 37.10%、 21.49%、 41.90%和33.99%、 40.17%、 8.90%、 38.44%;播种到拔节期留茬高度越大,土壤贮水量越多,在相同高度的留茬处理中,干旱年份压倒处理保水效果较好,降雨相对较多的年份立茬处理保水效果较好;拔节后各层土壤贮水量之间差异减小.保护性耕作增加作物产量和水分利用效率,尤其是NPS20,2004年和2005年产量和WUE较传统耕作分别增加53.08%、 5.85%和52.04%、 7.30%.     

太湖湖滨带林草复合带草本植物枯落物量的变化特征

为减少湖滨带林带枯落物的产生,有效降低N、P随降水径流进入湖泊水体的风险,采用人工草坪替代林下杂草的方式,建立林草复合带.以5种草坪草为研究对象,设立3种种植密度,采用定位定期采集的方法,研究草坪建植后草本植物枯落物的变化以及不同种植密度对枯落物量的影响.结果表明:①间距15 cm高密度种植易导致草坪枯落物的产生,以白三叶和红花酢浆草较突出;草坪种植后林下草本植物枯落物量大幅度减少,平均枯落物量减少66%～95%.②草坪枯落物量随生长时间变化无明显规律,7—11月植物生长期间,白三叶草坪10月枯落物量最高;麦冬草坪、红花酢浆草草坪以及与其混种的其他草坪枯落物量最高时期均出现于8月.③白三叶高、低密度种植单种草坪产生的枯落物量大于与红花酢浆草混种草坪,而中密度种植则相反,单种草坪小于混种草坪.      

Population structure and community characteristics of Acer catalpifolium Rehd北大核心CSCD

Acer catalpifolium Rehd., a critically endangered tree species with an extremely limited range of distribution, is one of the 120 plant species with extremely small populations, as approved by the state forestry administration of the People's Republic of China and requires urgent rescue action. In order to comprehensively understand the population status and the future developmental trend of A. catalpifolium, the plant communities were investigated from 5 sites, including Caishenmiao (CSM), Banruosi (BRS), Zhangshancun (ZSC), Fuhusi (FHS), and Baoguosi (BGS). The population structure of A. catalpifolium as well as the species composition and community characteristics of its habitat were investigated. The results showed that A. catalpifolium is mainly distributed in the evergreen broad-leaved and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests, in different community layers, namely, the tree layer, shrub layer, and herb layer, and is accompanied by 52, 74, and 52 plant species, respectively. Analyses of the distribution of population abundance revealed that BRS had the largest distribution of A. catalpifolium, accounting for 26.04% of the total population, followed by FHS, ZSC, BGS, and CSM, in that order. Analyses of the community characteristics revealed that the species diversity indices in FHS, BRS, BGS, and CSM were greater than that in ZSC. Analyses of the population age structure of A. catalpifolium revealed the gap in the distribution of the levels of seedlings and young trees. There were serious obstacles to the regeneration of the natural population. We concluded that the obstacle to the regeneration of the population of A. catalpifolium might be caused by the high competitive pressure from the dominant species and the micro-environment in the forest. Understanding the community characteristics and the population structure of A. catalpifolium could provide a theoretical foundation for its reintroduction and recovery. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Interspecific association among main plant species in the unstable slope with high-frequency debris flow北大核心CSCD

To determine the characteristics of vegetation community structure and the relationship between species in the frequent watersheds of debris flow in fragile ecological environments, based on sample survey and 2 × 2 joint table techniques, we used analysis of variance test, χ2 test, Jaccard index, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test to study the main plant species correlations in the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone of the unstable slope. The analysis of variance test showed that all 45 species pairs had a significant negative correlation in the stable zone and instable zone, whereas there was no significant negative correlation in the deposit zone, which showed that the species had an independent distribution trend. The results from the different tests showed that there were 1 pair, 4 pairs, and 4 pairs from the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone, respectively, which had significant interspecific association under the χ2 test and the ratios of positive correlation pairs to negative correlation pairs were 0.55, 0.67, and 0.67 in the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone, respectively. There were 8 pairs, 5 pairs, and 5 pairs from the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone, respectively, which had significant interspecific association from the Pearson correlation analysis test, and the ratios of positive correlation pairs to negative correlation pairs were 0.36, 0.45, and 0.45 in the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone, respectively. There were 10 pairs, 6 pairs, and 9 pairs from the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone, respectively, which had significant interspecific association from the Spearman's rank correlation analysis test and the ratios of positive correlation pairs to negative correlation pairs were 0.5, 0.55, and 0.6 in the stable zone, instable zone, and deposit zone, respectively. The three test results showed general similarities but there were some differences. Most species pairs did not reach a significant level in the three zones and the number of negatively related species was more than the number of positively related species. In brief, this loose interspecific relationship indicates that the entire plant community was not stable, and the interspecific relationships among species are susceptible to environmental interference in the ecologically fragile areas of the debris flow basin. Therefore, rational selection and configuration of species should be applied to promote community structure development and ecological environmental improvement in vegetation restoration process areas with high-frequency debris flow. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

复杂地质低渗煤层水力压裂-割缝综合瓦斯增透技术研究

针对水力压裂区域化瓦斯增透盲区,提出了水力割缝局部化瓦斯增透技术措施,形成了复杂地质低渗煤层水力压裂-割缝综合瓦斯增透技术,并进行现场验证。研究结果表明:水力压裂区内的3个压裂钻孔平均瓦斯抽采纯流量较238底板道常规抽采钻孔单孔瓦斯抽采纯流量提高15.8倍,瓦斯抽采浓度提高4%,压裂区瓦斯抽采纯流量较对比区提高2.1倍,但水力压裂区域性措施受断层及煤层硬度等地质条件限制,存在盲区;水力割缝增透区内的抽采钻孔瓦斯浓度平均提高4.9倍,瓦斯纯流量平均提高3.3倍,对不同地质条件的适应性强,但是割缝影响范围小,抽采时效短;复杂地质低渗煤层水力压裂-割缝综合瓦斯增透技术综合了水力压裂与割缝的优点,对复杂地质煤层具有较强适应性,大幅提高了瓦斯治理水平。现场验证结果表明复杂地质低渗煤层水力压裂-割缝综合瓦斯增透技术在复杂地质条件下煤层强化抽采中有较好的实际应用价值。     

鞍山市倪家台地热田水化学特征及其演化机制

水化学分析结果表明,鞍山市倪家台地下热水属于HCO3.SO4-Na和SO4.HCO3-Na型水,且含有氟、锶和二氧化硅等多种矿物成分.由构建的硅-焓混合模型得出倪家台地区地下热水已有大量冷水混入,且混入比例介于67%—83%之间,水温下降的诱因是该区域过量开采地热水,在这种人为的长期干扰作用下,增大了上部含水层冷水对下部地热水的补给量,对今后可持续利用该区域地热资源构成了严重的威胁.     

Working Life of Women With Disabilities—A Review

The aim of this study was to present the situation of women with disabilities on the labour market. Women with disabilities suffer from social and professional discrimination. They are discriminated because of their gender and disability. The Q1 Labour Force Participation Study (2013) showed that, in Poland, labour force participation for men and women with disabilities was 29.4% and 14.7%, respectively, while the unemployment rate was 16.1% for men and 17.2% for women. Quarterly information on employment, unemployment and economic inactivity was gathered from a Labour Force Survey in the first quarter of 2013; data from the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy were also included. The participants of the survey were 15 years old or older; they were members of a sample household. The methodology was based on definitions recommended by the International Labour Office and Eurostat. It is important that women with disabilities are substantially less professionally active, while the unemployment rate for them is only slightly higher.