Post-Fordist transformation,the sustainability concept and social relations with nature: a case study of the Hamburg region

Following the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the concept of sustainability in general and of urban sustainability in particular has become increasingly significant in the course of the 1990s. Even if the environmental problems of cities are far from being solved, one can interpret this development as a change in the relationship between society and nature on both a discursive and a material level. At the same time the transition from Fordism to post-Fordism has given rise to new forms of urban entrepreneurialism, with an absolute priority to economic competitiveness on the one hand and sharpened social conflicts on the other. Looking at the case of the Hamburg region, the article discusses the interaction of these processes. Contrary to the understanding of sustainability as a broadly accepted policy goal it conceptualizes sustainability as a terrain of conflict. As such, we will argue, the sustainability concept and the underlying change in social relations with nature contribute to containing the contradictions of capitalist societalization, which in the transition to post-Fordism have become more visible again. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

耐盐石油降解菌性能及降解条件优化

从冀东油田钻井废液中筛选分离出耐盐石油降解菌Virgibacillus sp.(简称SJ菌),其在高含盐条件下对石油具有较好的降解效果,高达56.12%左右。考察了pH值、盐度、不同N和P形态等因素对SJ菌降解石油效果的影响。结果表明:SJ菌有较宽的pH值适应范围(pH值为6～10)和较好的耐盐能力(0.5%～20%),在pH值为9及NaCl质量浓度为5%时对石油类降解效果最好,其最佳利用N源和P源分别为(NH2)2CO和KH2PO4,该研究为油田高含盐含油废液处理提供了一条新途径。     

分点进水A/O工艺处理低碳源生活污水的脱氮性能研究

针对低C/N比污水脱氮的难点问题,在缺氧段不同点设置进水口,采用分点进水A/O工艺处理校园生活污水.考察了在污泥回流比为100%,硝化液回流比为200%,分流比为1∶1,缺氧池水力停留时间(HRT)分别为2、2.4和3 h情况下,分点进水A/O工艺的反硝化性能,并与传统的A/O工艺进行比较.结果表明,当缺氧池的水力停留...     

LCA of local strategies for energy recovery from waste in England, applied to a large municipal flow

An intense waste management (WM) planning activity is currently undergoing in England to build the infrastructure necessary to treat residual wastes, increase recycling levels and the recovery of energy from waste. From the analyses of local WM strategic and planning documents we have identified the emerging of three different energy recovery strategies: established combustion of residual waste; pre-treatment of residual waste and energy recovery from Solid Recovered Fuel in a dedicated plant, usually assumed to be a gasifier; pre-treatment of residual waste and reliance on the market to accept the ‘fuel from waste’ so produced. Each energy recovery strategy will result in a different solution in terms of the technology selected; moreover, on the basis of the favoured solution, the total number, scale and location of thermal treatment plants built in England will dramatically change. To support the evaluation and comparison of these three WM strategy in terms of global environmental impacts, energy recovery possibilities and performance with respect to changing ‘fuel from waste’ market conditions, the LCA comparison of eight alternative WM scenarios for a real case study dealing with a large flow of municipal wastes was performed with the modelling tool WRATE. The large flow of waste modelled allowed to formulate and assess realistic alternative WM scenarios and to design infrastructural systems which are likely to correspond to those submitted for approval to the local authorities. The results show that all alternative scenarios contribute to saving abiotic resources and reducing global warming potential. Particularly relevant to the current English debate, the performance of a scenario was shown to depend not from the thermal treatment technology but from a combination of parameters, among which most relevant are the efficiency of energy recovery processes (both electricity and heat) and the calorific value of residual waste and pre-treated material. The contribution and relative importance of recycling and treatment/recovery processes change with the impact category. The lack of reprocessing plants in the area of the case study has shown the relevance of transport distances for recyclate material in reducing the efficiency of a WM system. Highly relevant to the current English WM infrastructural debate, these results for the first time highlight the risk of a significant reduction in the energy that could be recovered by local WM strategies relying only on the market to dispose of the ‘fuel from waste’ in a non dedicated plant in the case that the SRF had to be sent to landfill for lack of treatment capacity.     

Implicit beliefs about self and nature: Evidence from an IAT game

Recent psychological research has examined the beliefs that individuals hold about their relationship with the natural world. This article builds on the previous literature on connectedness with nature and we introduce a new game version of the Implicit Association Test (IAT), known as FlexiTwins. The game is intended to facilitate research using the IAT and provides a flexible platform for measuring implicit associations. In this paper, we report three studies in which we use the game to measure self-nature associations. Study 1 reports the development and validation of FlexiTwins with a college sample. Study 2 further validates the game using a known-groups sample of environmental activists. Finally, Study 3 examines the implicit connectedness of a sample of 30 grade school children. Across all three studies, we find good evidence for reliability, as well as theoretically meaningful results.     

哈密地区"生态立区"的思考

哈密地区生态环境十分脆弱,森林覆盖率低,草场退化严重,近几年经济发展速度加快,但重开发、轻保护,资源开发和经济增长方式粗放,使生态系统遭到破坏.为坚持科学的发展观,保证地区经济、社会实现可持续发展,哈密地委、行署提出了"生态立区"的发展战略.本文对哈密地区"生态立区"的内涵及实现的途径进行了探讨.     

有机肥部分替代化肥对桃园N2O和NO排放的影响

有机肥替代作为一种减肥增效和多元化肥替代技术在农业生产中被大力推广.然而,目前尚缺乏对于有机肥在果园N₂ O和NO排放方面的影响综合评估.采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,周年观测桃园种植过程中N₂ O和NO的排放,比较了单施化肥和有机肥部分替代化肥处理对桃园氮氧化物排放的影响.结果表明,有机肥部分替代化肥分别降低桃园N₂ O和NO排放总量15.0 %和9.4 %,同时 N₂ O和NO排放系数降低21.3 %和21.1 %.有机肥处理土壤的矿质氮含量低于单施化肥处理.有机肥处理提高了硝化作用中AOA的贡献,降低AOB的贡献,从而减少了硝化作用产生的N₂ O.此外,双同位素混合模型[δ¹⁸O（N₂ O/H₂ O）vs.δ¹⁵N^SP]结果表明,硝化细菌反硝化/细菌反硝化（bD/nD）是桃园土壤N₂ O排放的主要途径.施用有机肥增强了土壤反硝化作用,导致更多的N₂ O和NO被还原.因此,有机肥部分替代可以缓解果园氮氧化物排放,是实现农业绿色低碳的可行措施.     

含水煤岩层瓦斯压力测定新技术

针对含水煤岩层瓦斯压力测定成为难题的现状,分析含水煤岩层瓦斯和水压平衡的关系,发现上行孔先排水后排气、下行孔先排气后排水的规律,利用重力学的相关知识,应用把水放出来的设计,发明上行孔煤层瓦斯测压水压剔除仪和下行孔煤层瓦斯测压水压剔除仪。现场试验表明:煤层瓦斯测压水压剔除仪能把测压孔中的水放出来,消除水压对瓦斯压力的影响。     

多目标决策的农业抗旱能力综合评价

利用灰色系统理论中的关联分析建立了湖南农业抗旱能力评价的指标体系,运用多目标决策法对湖南14个市州的抗旱能力进行了评价。其结果是:在三种方案中娄底(1.452 9)、邵阳(1.398 8)、常德(1.580 2)的抗旱能力综合指数最大,抗旱能力强;而张家界在3种方案中抗旱能力综合指数都小于0.5,抗旱能力弱。并为湖南抗旱减灾、提高抗旱能力提出了合理的建议与对策。     

浅谈应急心理干预对事故影响的作用

随着大工业的发展，其所带来的重大事故或自然灾害导致的事故后果常常可以和战争相提并论，其后果影响给与人们带来的心理恐慌和应急时产生的心理危机已经影响人们的正常生活，并逐渐被人们重视。因此心理危机干预已经逐渐成为抢险救灾的一个当然的组成部分，心理干预技术已经是成熟的，在国际上已经普遍被采用。当突发事故发生或当遇到突发事件伤害时，克服紧张情绪，沉着冷静并学会如何与人沟通，解决各种应急事件导致的心理障碍是非常重要的任务。