碘量法测定硫化物实验研究

用碘量法测定了污水中的硫化物,实验探讨了加药次序、空白滤纸、滴定终点的判断问题。由实验结果可知:必须严格按照先加入碘标准溶液、再加入硫酸溶液的次序进行处理。空白实验中是否使用滤纸,其结果差异显著。在反应过程中,随着放置时间延长,硫化物测量值会增大。     

Comparison of UV/PDS and UV/H2O2 processes for the degradation of atenolol in water

UV/H2O2 and UV/peroxodisulfate (PDS) processes were adopted to degrade a typical β-blocker atenolol (ATL). The degradation efficiencies under various operational parameters (oxidant dosage, pH, HCO3-, humic acid (HA), NO3- , and Cl-) were compared. Principal factor analysis was also performed with a statistical method for the two processes. It was found that increasing the specific dosage of the two peroxides ([peroxide]0/[ATL]0 ) ranging from 1:1 to 8:1 led to a faster degradation rate but also higher peroxide residual. Within the pH range 3-11, the optimum pH was 7 for the UV/PDS process and elevating pH benefitted the UV/H 2O2 process. The presence of HCO3- , HA, and Cl adversely affected ATL oxidation in both processes. The NO3- concentration 1-3 mmol/L accelerated the destruction of ATL by the UV/PDS process, but further increase of NO3- concentration retarded the degradation process, contrary to the case in the UV/H2O2 process. The rank orders of effects caused by the six operational parameters were pH ≈ specific dosage > [HA]0 > [NO3-]0 > [HCO3-]0 > [Cl-]0 for the UV/H2O2 process and specific dosage > pH > [HA]0 > [NO3-]0 > [HCO3-]0 >[Cl-]0 for the UV/PDS process. The UV/PDS process was more sensitive to changes in operational parameters than the UV/H2O2 process but more efficient in ATL removal under the same conditions.     

基于格序理论的爆炸类危险化学品运输路径研究

为有效预防和减少爆炸类危险化学品运输中事故的发生,针对爆炸类危险化学品运输的路径优化选择问题,将多目标格序决策理论引入到路径方案评价比选中,构建了爆炸类危险化学品运输路径优化选择评价指标体系。结合指标选取的综合性和可操作性原则,从6个方面建立爆炸类危险化学品运输路径比选指标体系:影响区域死伤人数规模、影响区域厂矿规模、影响区域人口规模、影响区域名胜古迹保护性、影响区域生态环境保护性、影响区域综合出行费用规模。通过对各方案综合差异度的计算,实现了备选方案的格序化排序。并且在模型体系权重计算中采用了熵值法,实现了权重确定的客观性。最后,应用该模型结合实例进行了计算。     

Biophysical‐Regulatory Classification and Profiling of Streams Across Management Units and Ecoregions1

Caruso, Brian S. and Joshua Haynes, 2011. Biophysical‐Regulatory Classification and Profiling of Streams Across Management Units and Ecoregions. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 00(0):1‐22. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00522.x Abstract: Aquatic resources management in the United States (U.S.) under Clean Water Act Section 404 has become more complex after recent Supreme Court decisions and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guidance. Many intermittent/ephemeral and headwater streams may not be jurisdictional if they lack a significant nexus with navigable waters. Streams in semiarid USEPA Region 8 were classified based on hydrologic permanence and stream order using National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) Plus and GIS to provide information across broad spatial scales to aid with jurisdictional determinations (JDs). Four classes were developed for profiling across management units and ecoregions. Based on medium‐resolution NHDPlus data, intermittent streams comprise >¾, and first order streams constitute >½ of the total stream length in Region 8. Mountain states and ecoregions have the largest percentage of perennial first order streams, whereas the Dakotas, plains, and desert ecoregions have the greatest percentages of intermittent first order and intermittent higher order streams. In the Upper Colorado River Basin, >50% of reaches are intermittent first order, and 9% are perennial first order. NHDPlus data can significantly underestimate the length of headwater and intermittent streams, but can still be a valuable tool to help develop stream classes and for regional JD planning and analysis. Refinement of the stream classes using high resolution NHD data and other key catchment parameters can improve their utility for JDs.     

聚结除油反应机理及其动力学分析

通过对几种聚结填料除油性能的对比试验，探讨分析了聚结除油反应机理及其动力学。结果表明，填料的空间构成形式对聚结除油效率有重要影响，当润湿聚结机理和碰撞聚结机理同时存在时，聚结效率可得到大幅度提高。当油珠颗粒尺寸超过10μm时，布朗运动聚结速率急剧减慢，而湍流的聚结速率急剧加快。聚结除油反应器内水力条件的紊动程度达到C≥500—700s^-1时，油珠颗粒的聚结速率和效率将得到大幅度提高。     

小流域地段景观生态设计研究——以大别山巴河上游地段为例

在实地调查研究的基础上，分析了巴河上游流域地段的景观结构功能与演替及流域治理存在的问题，切中流域生态环境变化的要害——水土流失问题。在区内景观带自然分异的基础上，进行了流域景观生态设计。     

白音锡勒牧场草原植物群落的数量分析

采用双向指示种分析（Two—Way Indicator Species Analysis,TWINSPAN）和无趋势对应分析（Detrended Correspondence Analysis,DCA）技术,对白音锡勒牧场2004年和2005年的48个样点的草原植物群落调查数据进行分析。结果表明：1．TWINSAN分类与DCA排序具有高度的一致性,吻合度达83％,输出结果准确可信;2．研究区域有草甸草原和典型草原两种草原类型,其中在典型草原内可划分为五个植物群落类型,即1）大针茅（Stipa grandis）＋羊草（Leymus chinensis）＋糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）群落;2）克氏针茅（Stipa krylovii）＋糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）＋冰草（Agropyron cirstatum）群落;3）冷蒿（Artemisia frigida）＋糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）＋大针茅（Stipa grandis）群落;4）糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）＋冷蒿（Artemisia frigida）＋一、二年生植物（annual—biennial）群落;5）星毛委陵菜（Potentilla tanacetifolia）＋糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）＋一、二年生植物（annual-biennial）群落,这五个植物群落类型反映了典型草原植物群落退化演替序列;3．研究区不同植物群落类型的物种数量、生态种组类型等不同。冷蒿（Artemisia frigida）＋糙隐子草（Cleistogenes squarrosa）＋大针茅（Stipa grandis）群落为研究区植物群落退化演替中的中度退化阶段,物种数量最多,生态种组类型最多,样点间差异较大。     

锯末对Cu~(2+)的吸附特性研究

以工业废弃物锯末为吸附剂,研究其对水中Cu2+的吸附特性.结果表明,锯末对Cu2+的吸附速度较快,1 h后基本达到平衡.准二级速率方程很好地模拟了吸附反应的动力学方程(R20.99).锯末对Cu2+吸附主要机制是离子交换,吸附量随pH升高而升高.离子强度对吸附反应有一定影响:Cu2+和锯末一部分是内层结合,一部分是外层结合.经过酸碱处理的锯末在吸附能力上有了一定程度的提高.Langmuir模型对原始锯末的吸附等温线拟合最好,Langmuir-Freundlich模型对经过酸碱处理的锯末拟合最好.热力学分析显示吸附反应具有自发性、放热、熵增特性.     

基于改进风险矩阵法的配气站地震事件序列分析*

为了对天然气配气站进行抗震安全评估,以某天然气配气站为研究对象,通过分析地震事件序列,建立风险矩阵模型,研究系统失效原因及失效概率,评估事件发生后果。结果表明:事件C5,C6风险值相对较低,分别为18.75和15.24;风险矩阵模型能有效减小尖锐边界影响,为配气站采取抗震措施提供理论依据。     

基于耦合协调度的煤矿安全应急管理评价

针对煤矿安全应急管理主动性和协调性缺乏易导致矿难事故发生的问题,提出基 于网络层次分析法（ANP）与序参量法的安全应急管理耦合协调度评价模型。通过归纳 煤矿安全应急管理进程中的耦合协调度,构建包括5个子系统、11个序参量以及33个二 级指标的煤矿安全应急管理耦合协调度评价指标体系。借助超级决策软件确定各指标权 重,然后采用序参量法对煤矿安全应急管理的预防、准备、响应和恢复4个环节进行协 调度测算。结果表明:示例煤矿安全应急管理的准备与响应两环节的各子系统协调度最 高,系统整体协调度较低。