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151.
为提升混合基质膜对CO2的气体分离性能,将具有良好CO2吸附特性能的离子液体首先固载于介孔SiO2中,而后将该复合材料掺杂到 聚酰亚胺高分子中构建高效分离CO2的混合基质膜.研究结果表明,固载离子液体主要进入介孔SiO2的孔道内部,但当绝大部分介孔孔道被离子液体填满后,过多离子液体在SiO2颗粒外围形成连接.由于离子液体对CO2优异的吸附性能,其固载后介孔SiO2对CO2的吸附性能得到的显著提升,这进一步增强了固载离子液体的介孔SiO2掺杂混合基质膜对CO2气体的捕获,随着混合基质膜中离子液体固载量增加其CO2渗透性能也明显提升.但当固载离子液体加入量达到1.0 g时,固载离子液体的介孔SiO2在PI高分子中出现了团聚,其CO2渗透性能反而下降.IL@C-SiO2-2/PI膜的渗透性能和对CO2的渗透选择性都达到最佳,其对CO2/N2理想选择性可达到30. 相似文献
152.
本文作者主要研究了腐殖酸对聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的纳米银颗粒(polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated AgNPs)毒性的影响,受试生物涵盖了水生系统不同的营养级别,包括藻类(Raphidocelis subcapitata)、水蚤类(Chydorus sphaericus)以及淡水鱼类(Danio rerio)。结果显示,腐殖酸可降低AgNPs对本研究中所有水生生物的毒性,并具有明显的剂量效应关系。原因为:1)腐殖酸使AgNPs表面带有更多负电荷,这阻碍了AgNPs与藻细胞的接触,使毒性降低;2)腐殖酸抑制了AgNPs中Ag+的溶出,而本研究显示自由Ag+的毒性高于团聚的纳米银颗粒。
精选自Zhuang Wang, Joris T.K. Quik, Lan Song, Evert-Jan Van Den Brandhof, Marja Wouterse and Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg. Humic substances alleviate the aquatic toxicity of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles to organisms of different trophic levels. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 34, Issue 6, pages 1239–1245, June 2015.
DOI: 10.1002/etc.2936
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.2936/full 相似文献
153.
Zongcheng Zhan Xiaojun Liu Dongzhu Ma Liyun Song Jinzhou Li Hong He Hongxing Dai 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(4):483-495
A novel Ultrasonic Assisted Membrane Reduction (UAMR)-hydrothermal method was used to prepare flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts. The texture, physical/chemical properties, and reducibility of the flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), N2 adsorption, and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (HE-TPR) techniques. The catalytic performance of the catalysts for treating automobile emission was studied relative to samples prepared by the conventional wetness impregnation method. The Pt/CeO2 catalysts fabricated by this novel method showed high specific surface area and metal dispersion, excellent three-way catalytic activity, and good thermal stability. The strong interaction between the Pt nanoparticles and CeO2 improved the thermal stability. The Ce4+ ions were incorporated into the surfactant chains and the Pt nanoparticles were stabilized through an exchange reaction of the surface hydroxyl groups. The SEM results demonstrated that the Pt/CeO2 catalysts had a typical three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous struc- ture, which was favorable for surface reaction and enhanced the exposure degree of the Pt nanoparticles. In brief, the flower-like Pt/CeO2 catalysts prepared by UAMR-hydrothermal method exhibited a higher Pt metal dispersion, smaller particle size, better three-way catalytic activity, and improved thermal stability versus conven- tional materials. 相似文献
154.
The inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on photochemical reactions of photosynthesis was investigated using the green alga model Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Algal cells were exposed to 1, 5, and 10?µmol?L?1 of AgNPs under both light and dark conditions during 6?h. The rapid rise of chlorophyll a fluorescence and the fluorescence imaging system were employed to investigate the alteration of photosystem II (PSII) photochemical reactions and the associated electron transport activity. When algal cells were exposed to 5 and 10?µmol?L?1 of AgNPs, our results showed the evidence of a structural deterioration of PSII reaction center, the alteration of the oxygen evolving complex and the inhibition of electron transport activity, which was stronger for AgNPs treatment under light exposure. Under these conditions, there was no activation of regulated photoprotective mechanisms against excess absorbed light-energy by the antenna system of the PSII complex. The highest deteriorating effect on the structural and functional integrity of PSII was observed for algal cells exposed 6?h in light condition to 10?µmol?L?1 of AgNPs. Therefore, we provide valuable data in this study permitting to use photosynthetic-based fluorescence parameters for aquatic toxicological risk investigation of polluted water that may contain AgNP suspension. 相似文献
155.
Seyed Mousa Mousavi Kouhi Mehrdad Lahouti Ali Ganjeali Mohammad H. Entezari 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(6):861-868
The effects of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), ZnO microparticles (MPs), and zinc ions (Zn2+) on some growth parameters of rapeseed (Brassica napus) seedlings have been studied. The growth inhibition by ZnO NPs was not stronger than that by ZnO MPs while treatment with Zn2+ inhibition was clearly stronger. 相似文献
156.
Mercury adsorption by silica and maghemite nanoparticles (NPs) was studied with the aim of comparing their performance in the remediation of acid mine drainage (AMD) contaminated water. Calculated distribution coefficients (Kd) showed that both NPs are exceptional adsorbents. However, adsorbate coverage per unit area was 30 times higher for maghemite than for silica NPs, despite the latter having a surface area ~15 times greater. Maghemite adsorbed 75% of available Hg compared to 56% by silica, making it a more efficient sorbent than silica under AMD conditions. Kinetics and isotherm data for both adsorbents were fitted by the pseudo-second-order (R2 = 1) and the Freundlich (R2 ≥ 0.98) models, implying that adsorption to both NP types was by chemisorption. Adsorption increased with NP concentrations and pH and was enhanced in the presence of manganese and sulfate ions although adsorption to silica was inhibited in 1:2 Hg-to-Mn systems. Importantly, trends in simulated wastewater were replicated in actual AMD-contaminated water samples. This study highlights the fact that properties besides surface area and charge of adsorbents determine adsorbent performance, and superior attributes may not always lead to higher adsorption efficiencies. 相似文献
157.
Magnetic particles prepared via co-precipitation and impregnated onto wheat husk (MN-WH) were used for the removal of methyl blue (MB) from aqueous solution. Experiments were conducted in a batch mode for optimization regarding pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentrations, and temperature. Maximum adsorption (98%) was achieved at pH 5. The adsorption data were fitted into pseudo-first, pseudo-second, intraparticle diffusion, and Elovich equation revealing that adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The four most common isotherm models, i.e. the Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R), were used to evaluate the data, with the best fit to a Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.996), followed by a Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.995), indicating monolayer adsorption of MB on the surface of MN-WH. Thermodynamic parameters calculated from the Van't Hoff equation revealed that the adsorption is exothermic (ΔHº = ?19.7 kJ mol?1). 相似文献
158.
AbstractMetallic nanoparticles have emerged as an important class of nanomaterials for a wide range of industrial and medical applications. Because of the intensive commercial applications, risk assessment of these nanoparticles is of great importance. In the present study, the human hepatoma and leukemia cells were used to characterize the apoptotic effects of silver nanoparticles (4.7 and 42?nm) and gold nanoparticles (30?nm). Apoptotic cells were identified by chromatin condensation and flow cytometry analysis, using Annexin V/PI, TUNEL and caspase activation assays. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the three metallic nanoparticles induced apoptotic cell death in a concentration and time dependent-manner. Moreover, the three nanoparticles induced activation of caspase-3 and -7 in hepatoma and leukemia cells. Apoptotic effects were stronger after exposure of both cell lines with 4.7?nm silver nanoparticles than those obtained with 42?nm silver and 30?nm gold nanoparticles. In conclusion, silver (4.7 and 42?nm) and gold (30?nm) nanoparticles induced apoptosis in hepatoma and leukemia cells via the caspase dependent pathway. The smaller silver nanoparticles (4.7?nm) had a greater ability to induce apoptosis in both cell lines. 相似文献
159.
AbstractThe effects of suspensions of cerium oxide nanoparticles sprayed onto marigold seedlings (Calendula officinalis L.) at concentrations between 50 and 3200 mg L?1 were studied. At concentrations of 50 and 100 mg L?1, the nanoparticles had a slight positive effect on some growth parameters, but at higher concentrations they caused severe oxidative damage. Activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and lipoxygenase increased from 400 mg L?1 upward, tyrosine ammonia lyase from 1600 mg L?1. Ascorbate and glutathione contents decreased from 400 mg L?1 upwards. 相似文献
160.
The cytotoxicity of 13 and 22 nm aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles was investigated in cultured human bronchoalveolar carcinoma-derived cells (A549) and compared with 20 nm CeO2 and 40 nm TiO2 nanoparticles as positive and negative control, respectively. Exposure to both Al2O3 nanoparticles for 24 h at 10 and 25 µg mL?1 doses significantly decreased cell viability compared with control. However, the cytotoxicity of 13 and 22 nm Al2O3 nanoparticles had no difference at 5–25 µg mL?1 dose range. The cytotoxicity of both Al2O3 nanoparticles were higher than negative control TiO2 nanoparticles but lower than positive control CeO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 < Al2O3 < CeO2). A real-time single cell imaging system was employed to study the cell membrane potential change caused by Al2O3 and CeO2 nanoparticles using a membrane potential sensitive fluorescent probe DiBAC4(3). Exposure to the 13 nm Al2O3 nanoparticles resulted in more significant depolarization than the 30 nm Al2O3 particles. On the other hand, the 20 nm CeO2 particles, the most toxic, caused less significant depolarization than both the 13 and 22 nm Al2O3. Factors such as exposure duration, surface chemistry, and other mechanisms may contribute differently between cytotoxicity and membrane depolarization. 相似文献