利用Fe3O4纳米颗粒磁分离去除水中小粒径微塑料

建立了微塑料（Microplastics,MPs）荧光定量分析方法,系统研究了Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒对水中聚苯乙烯MPs的磁性去除效果.结果表明,MPs浓度在本实验范围内（0.2~10.0mg/L）与荧光强度线性关系良好,相关系数均>0.9990,能准确测定不同粒径（100~1000nm）MPs的浓度.MPs初始浓度与Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒投加量对MPs去除效果具有影响.增加Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒的投加量能够有效提升水中MPs的去除率,当Fe₃O₄投加量为12mg/L时,去除率可达90.8%.在低Fe₃O₄投加量时,MPs去除率随着MPs初始浓度增加而显著增加,显著性水平为0.015;但在中、高Fe₃O₄投加量时,初始浓度对去除效果影响很小,显著性水平分别为0.073和0.060.Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒对MPs的附着过程能够在180min内趋于平衡,整个动力学可通过拟一级或拟二级模型进行拟合.     

磁性纳米材料吸附处理工业废水的研究进展

介绍了磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿、MFe₂O₄型铁氧体等几种常见的磁性纳米颗粒及其制备和功能化方法,综述了磁性纳米吸附剂在重金属废水、染料废水、含油废水、含酚废水吸附处理中的新研究进展.根据研究过程中所存在的问题总结并展望了磁性纳米吸附材料的未来发展趋势,在今后的研究可从吸附剂的制备优化、吸附机理、实用性和再生回用等方面展开探究,以期发挥其在实际工业废水处理中的应用潜力.     

Removal of benzotriazole by heterogeneous photoelectro-Fenton like process using ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles as catalyst

ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles(ZFNPs) were developed as catalyst for the degradation of benzotriazole(BTA) by heterogeneous photoelectroFenton(PE-Fenton) like process.ZFNPs were prepared by a co-precipitation process and then characterized with transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray fluorescence(XRF),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and BET surface area.Using such ZFNPs as catalyst,the degradation of BTA was investigated.Due to the high catalytic activity of ZFNPs,PE-Fenton like process showed efficient degradation of BTA.The influencing factors such as pH,dosage of ZFNPs,applied potential and initial concentration of BTA were systematically investigated.Under the optimum conditions,91.2% of BTA was removed after 180 min treatment.     

表面包覆TiO_2材料的制备及光催化降解染料废水

以介孔硅基分子筛SBA-15为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法在SBA-15分子筛表面包覆TiO_2。制备了不同TiO_2含量的链状二维六方形介孔复合材料。采用电子显微镜扫描仪、X射线衍射仪、傅立叶红外光谱、紫外-固体漫反射等技术对复合材料进行表征。SEM结果表明样品具有良好的包覆效果,UV-Vis光谱结果表明样品具有较好的光吸收能力。XRD结果表明复合材料表面包覆的TiO_2为锐钛矿和金红石的混合晶型,随载体用量的增加TiO_2的粒径逐渐减小。以光催化降解亚甲基蓝为目标,研究复合材料在煅烧温度、载体用量、底物溶液初始浓度等影响因素下的光催化效果。考察复合材料的再生光催化活性。研究表明:介孔TiO_2复合材料相比于市售P-25有较高的光催化活性。复合材料可进行回收利用,并且其介孔结构牢固不易崩塌。     

纳米氧化铜颗粒和环丙沙星对好氧颗粒污泥的协同胁迫效应

纳米颗粒和抗生素在污水处理厂中的共同存在可产生综合毒性.选择纳米氧化铜颗粒(CuO NPs)和环丙沙星(CIP)作为纳米颗粒和抗生素的代表性物质,探究了CuO NPs和CIP共存胁迫对好氧颗粒污泥(AGS)系统的运行性能、污泥特性和微生物群落的长期影响.结果表明:CuO NPs单独胁迫使脱氮性能轻微提高,对碳和磷的去除性能轻微下降.CIP单独胁迫显著抑制了碳、氮和磷的去除性能.CuO NPs和CIP共存时对碳、氮和磷去除表现出明显的协同抑制效应.CuO NPs和CIP共存胁迫使细胞膜完整性下降,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放量增多,胞外聚合物(EPS)分泌增强,且溶解性EPS(S-EPS)的官能团发生显著变化.CuO NPs和CIP共存胁迫改变了微生物群落结构,对生物多样性具有显著的协同抑制效应,对微生物具有较强的毒性作用.     

纳米氧化铜对镉胁迫下小油菜生理生化和重金属累积的影响

为探究纳米氧化铜（CuO NPs）在镉（Cd）胁迫下对作物生长、生理特性和重金属吸收的影响,采用水培实验,以夏绿2号小油菜为供试植物,研究了CuO NPs （0、10、20和50 mg ·L^-1）和Cd （0、1和5 μmol ·L^-1）单一和复配处理下小油菜鲜重、光合色素、丙二醛含量（MDA）、抗氧化酶活性［过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）］以及Cu和Cd含量.结果表明,在单一CuO NPs处理下,小油菜鲜重以及CAT、POD、GR酶活性总体上受到抑制,叶绿素含量和SOD活性随浓度增加呈现出先增加后降低趋势,而小油菜叶部、根部MDA含量以及亚细胞中Cu含量随投加量增加而增加.1 μmol ·L^-1Cd处理下,添加CuO NPs促进了小油菜生长,鲜重较对照增加了8.70%~44.87%,当Cd浓度达到5 μmol ·L^-1时,低浓度CuO NPs （10 mg ·L^-1）处理表现为促进植物生长,高浓度（50 mg ·L^-1）处理则呈抑制效应.不同Cd处理下添加CuO NPs均提高了小油菜的光合色素和MDA含量,其中小油菜叶部MDA含量较对照增加了4.34%~36.27%,根部MDA含量增加了13.43%~131.04%.Cd浓度为1 μmol ·L^-1处理下施加CuO NPs后,小油菜叶部CAT和GR活性均下降,POD活性上升;当Cd浓度达到5 μmol ·L^-1时,CuO NPs提高了小油菜叶部POD活性,抑制了SOD和GR活性,CAT活性随浓度升高呈现先上升后下降的趋势.CuO NPs与Cd表现出拮抗作用,添加CuO NPs后,1 μmol ·L^-1 Cd处理下小油菜叶部和根部Cd含量最大降幅分别为45.64%和33.39%,5 μmol ·L^-1 Cd处理下叶部和根部Cd含量最大降幅分别为18.25%和25.35%,小油菜亚细胞器中Cu和Cd质量分数下降,可溶性组分质量分数上升.综上所述,低浓度下CuO NPs可以促进Cd胁迫下植物生长,抑制植物对Cd吸收,但会增加植物氧化损伤.     

可见光激发下模拟海水中四环素光降解的机制和路径

为了探明海水体系中多相光催化降解污染物的机制和路径,研究了在可见光激发下不同介孔TiO₂光催化降解纯水和模拟海水中四环素(TC)的过程,明确了不同盐离子对光催化降解过程的影响.结合自由基捕获实验,电子自旋共振(ESR)光谱和中间产物分析研究了光降解污染物的主要活性物种和模拟海水中TC降解途径.结果表明,模拟海水中TC光催化过程会受到显著抑制,手性介孔TiO₂催化剂对TC光降解反应速率相比其在纯水体系降低了70%左右,而非手性TiO₂光催化剂在海水体系中几乎不能降解TC.模拟海水中阴离子对光降解过程影响较小,但Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺存在会显著抑制光催化过程.无论在纯水还是模拟海水中,可见光激发后催化剂产生的活性物种都是空穴为主,因此模拟海水中降解路径与纯水体系中相同.盐离子不会抑制活性物种的产生,但Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺会富集在TC分子中电负性强的原子周边,阻碍空穴等对TC分子中电负性强原子的攻击,从而抑制了光催化降解效率.     

Effects of synthesis methods on the performance of Pt + Rh/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 three-way catalysts

The 0.7 wt% Pt + 0.3 wt% Rh/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 catalysts were fabricated via different methods, including ultrasonic-assisted membrane reduction(UAMR) co-precipitation, UAMR separation precipitation, co-impregnation, and sequential impregnation. The catalysts were physico-chemically characterized by N2 adsorption, XRD, TEM, and H2-TPR techniques, and evaluated for three-way catalytic activities with simulated automobile exhaust. UAMR co-precipitation- and UAMR separation precipitationprepared catalysts exhibited a high surface area and metal dispersion, wide λ window and excellent conversion for NOx reduction under lean conditions. Both fresh and aged catalysts from UAMRprecipitation showed the high surface areas of ca. 60–67 m2/g and 18–22 m2/g, respectively, high metal dispersion of 41%–55%, and small active particle diameters of 2.1–2.7 nm. When these catalysts were aged, the catalysts prepared by the UAMR method exhibited a wider working window(Δλ = 0.284–0.287) than impregnated ones(Δλ = 0.065–0.115) as well as excellent three-way catalytic performance, and showed lower T50(169.C) and T90(195.C) for NO reduction than the aged catalysts from impregnation processes, which were at 265 and 309.C, respectively. This implied that the UAMR-separation precipitation has important potential for industrial applications to improve catalytic performance and thermal stability. The fresh and aged 0.7 wt% Pt + 0.3 wt% Rh/Ce0:6Zr0:4O2 catalysts prepared by the UAMR-separation precipitation method exhibited better catalytic performance than the corresponding catalysts prepared by conventional impregnation routes.     

Functionalized CMK-3 mesoporous carbon with 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole for Hg(II) removal from aqueous media

Ordered mesoporous carbon（CMK-3） was synthesized and functionalized with 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole groups（AMT-OCMK-3） for Hg（Ⅱ） removal from aqueous solution. The modified CMK-3 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2adsorption-desorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of solution pH, contact time, initial Hg（Ⅱ） concentration and matrix effect were studied. The adsorption data were successfully fitted with the Langmuir model, exhibiting high adsorption capacity of 450.45 mg/g of AMT-OCMK-3. In the solid-phase extraction system a series of experimental parameters such as sample flow rate, sample volume,eluent volume and concentration of the eluent solution have been investigated and established for preconcentration of Hg（Ⅱ） in aqueous solution. The results showed that the enrichment factor for Hg（Ⅱ） was 250, the precision（relative standard deviation（RSD）, %） for six replicate measurements was 2.05% and the limit of detection for Hg（Ⅱ） was achieved at0.17 μg/L.