基于地下水中四环素去除的缓释剂构建及其性能

为了有效去除地下水中抗生素等有机污染物,本文首次提出有序介孔氧化锰（O-MnO_x）为活性催化剂和过硫酸钠（Na₂S₂O₈）为氧化剂制备活化过硫酸钠缓释剂,并将其用于地下水中四环素的降解修复过程.通过有序O-MnO_x与H₂O₂和Na₂S₂O₈构建的两种类芬顿催化反应体系,明确了O-MnO_x对过硫酸钠的活化及其对水中四环素优异的降解性能.以O-MnO_x与Na₂S₂O₈为活性组分制备的缓释剂在地下水中可以缓慢释放过硫酸根离子.缓释剂中O-MnO_x加入比例增加,其释放性能减弱,而Na₂S₂O₈加入比例减少,过硫酸根释放速率就会加快.O-MnO_x可以活化过硫酸根溶...     

Synthesis of a highly recoverable 3D MnO2/rGO hybrid aerogel for efficient adsorptive separation of pharmaceutical residue

Water contamination by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as acetaminophen, is an emerging ecological concern. In this study, a new three-dimensional manganese dioxide-engrafted reduced graphene oxide (3D MnO₂/rGO) hybrid aerogel was developed for acetaminophen sequestration. The synthesis involved firstly the self-assembly of GO aerogel, followed by thermal reduction and in-situ MnO₂ growth by redox-reaction. The aerogel demonstrated interlinked planes with smooth surfaces deposited with MnO₂ nanospheres and pores of 138.4 – 235.3 µm width. The influences of adsorbent dosage, initial pH, acetaminophen concentration, temperature and contact time were investigated. It was determined that the adsorption of acetaminophen occurred on uniform sorption sites in the aerogel, as suggested by the best fit of data to the Langmuir isotherm, yielding a maximum adsorption capacity of 252.87 mg/g. This highest adsorption performance of the 3D MnO₂/rGO aerogel was attained at a dosage of 0.6 g/L, initial pH of 6.2 and temperature of 40°C. The process kinetics were in-line with the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics at 10 and 20 – 500 mg/L concentrations, respectively. Thermodynamic assay showed the spontaneity and endothermicity features of the 3D MnO₂/rGO-acetaminophen system. The acetaminophen adsorption mechanisms were mainly hydrogen bonding and pore entrapment. Moreover, the as-synthesised aerogel was effectively regenerated using acetone and re-utilised in four adsorption-desorption cycles. Overall, the results highly recommend the implementation of the 3D MnO₂/rGO hybrid aerogel for purification of wastewater polluted by acetaminophen residue.     

高效去除Cd2+介孔硅酸钙的制备优化及表征

为了进一步研制高效、廉价的Cd²⁺吸附剂,从介孔硅酸钙（CSH）的制备与优化出发,选择钙硅比（Ca/Si）、表面活性剂种类及其用量为因素,采用正交试验探讨CSH的最优制备条件,并结合扫描电镜（SEM）、红外光谱（FTIR）、比表面积测试（BET）、X-射线衍射分析（XRD）,对CSH的结构形貌、材料性能进行评价.结果表明,各因素对合成材料吸附性能的影响顺序为：表面活性剂种类 > 表面活性剂用量 > Ca/Si;最优制备条件为：Ca/Si=1：1,以聚乙二醇（PEG）为表面活性剂,表面活性剂添加量为2%;表面活性剂的添加能显著提高材料的吸附性能,最优条件下制备的介孔硅酸钙对Cd²⁺的饱和吸附容量高达687.71 mg·g^-1,吸附等温线符合Langmiur模型;合成的水化硅酸钙为介孔结构,为狭缝孔,呈纳米花状,比表面积为333.47 m²·g^-1,BJH孔径为10.9 nm,孔隙度为2.199 cm³·g^-1;巨大的比表面积、高孔隙度、表面丰富的活性—OH及材料富含可交换态Ca²⁺,以及能与Cd²⁺发生吸附沉淀、表面络合和离子交换,致使其具有优异的吸附性能,有望为Cd²⁺污染水体治理和土壤修复提供潜在优势新材料.     

SiO2纳米颗粒内嵌强化介孔TiO2单晶光催化降解盐酸四环素

吸附性能和光生载流子的分离效率是决定光催化降解抗生素的主要因素.为提高介孔TiO_2单晶(MSCs)的吸附性能和光生载流子的分离效率,在MSCs内部构建SiO_2纳米颗粒吸附结构.同时,利用表面光电压谱、氮气等温吸附-脱附、X射线衍射等研究其结构特性.最后,以盐酸四环素为抗生素代表,通过控制SiO_2纳米颗粒比表面积,考察SiO_2对复合材料吸附及光催化性能的影响.结果表明,SiO_2纳米颗粒与TiO_2单晶复合显著提高了材料的吸附性能,表面保护蚀刻进一步提升了材料的比表面积.实验条件下,高比表面积SiO_2-TiO_2单晶复合材料(KSiO_2@TiO_2)对盐酸四环素的平衡吸附量、降解效率、降解速率常数和矿化率分别达到了0.96 mg·g-1、90.2%、0.0079 min-1、54.4%,分别是MSCs的4.4、1.5、2.6和3.1倍.副产物分析表明,SiO_2复合介孔单晶材料更易将盐酸四环素降解为小分子物质.     

磷酸水热预处理制备高比表面积高介孔率活性炭

以锯末为原材料,采用磷酸水热预处理后活化的工艺制备高介孔率活性炭,以比表面积和孔容为评价标准,通过单因素实验探究了酸料比、活化温度、活化时间对活性炭比表面积及总孔容的影响规律,验证了该工艺的可行性.最优条件下所制备的活性炭比表面积为2579 m~2·g~(-1),介孔率达到96.6%,充分说明磷酸水热预处理工艺能够显著提高活性炭介孔孔容占比.亚甲基蓝(MB)吸附实验数据与Redlich-Peterson模型拟合度较好,样本活性炭对MB的吸附为单分子层吸附,最大单层吸附量为618.35 mg·g~(-1),接近于实验测试值632.79 mg·g~(-1),表明该方法制备的活性炭具有良好的MB吸附性能.     

Co-exposure of sulfur nanoparticles and Cu alleviate Cu stress and toxicity to oilseed rape Brassica napus L.

Experiments were performed to explore the impact of sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) on growth, Cu accumulation, and physiological and biochemical responses of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) inoculated with 5 mg/L Cu-amended MS medium supplemented with or without 300 mg/L SNPs exposure. Cu exerted severe phytotoxicity and inhibited plant growth. SNPs application enhanced the shoot height, root length, and dry weight of shoot and root by 34.6%, 282%, 41.7% and 37.1%, respectively, over Cu treatment alone, while the shoot and root Cu contents and Cu-induced lipid perodixation as the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in shoots and roots were decreased by 37.6%, 35%, 28.4% and 26.8%. Further, the increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activities caused by Cu stress were mitigated in shoots (10.9%–37.1%) and roots (14.6%–35.3%) with SNPs addition. SNPs also positively counteracted the negative effects on shoot K, Ca, P, Mg, Mn, Zn and Fe contents and root K, Ca, Mg and Mn contents from Cu exposure alone, and significantly promoted the nutrients accumulation in plant. Additionally, in comparison with common bulk sulfur particles (BSPs) and sulfate, SNPs showed more positive effects on promoting growth in shoots (6.7% and 19.5%) and roots (10.9% and 15.1%), as well as lowering the shoot Cu content (40.1% and 43.3%) under Cu stress. Thus, SNPs application has potential to be a green and sustainable technology for increasing plant productivity and reducing accumulation of toxic metals in heavy metal polluted soils.     

金属离子修饰纳米TiO2薄膜光催化降解苯酚

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2薄膜，在制备过程中分别掺杂一定量的Fe^3 、Zn^2 、Pd^2 等金属离子。以高压汞灯做光源，用制得的纳米TiO2薄膜对苯酚作光催化降解实验，结果表明：掺杂Fe^3 、Zn^2 、Pd^2 的纳米TiO2催化剂光催化性能明显提高。并探讨了金属离子掺杂浓度和氧化剂对光催化的影响。     

新型净水材料的吸附特性研究

采用高效液相色谱分析微污染水原水、新型材料吸附后出水及活性炭吸附后出水的特征，对比新型材料及活性炭对微污染水中不同分子量的有机物的吸附效果，以此间接反映两种材料的孔径分布特点，分析两种材料的不同吸附特性，并讨论新型净水材料的吸附机理。     

The tragedy of the commons in international fisheries: An empirical examination

Historically, all capture fisheries have proven hard to manage; internationally shared stocks face an additional impediment to effective management. Previous fisheries studies estimate gains from cooperation for particular species or locations, but evidence is lacking on the wider effect that international sharing has in relation to other variables that affect stock status. This paper is an attempt to shed a broader light on the effect of sharing by identifying whether shared fish stocks are systematically more exploited. I compile exploitation status, biological and economic data into a unique two-period panel of more than 200 fish stocks from around the globe with which I test the theoretical implications of sharing. The empirical results from ordered category estimation suggest that shared stocks are indeed more prone to overexploitation.     

Allium cepa root tip assay in assessment of toxicity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and microparticles

Allium cepa bioassay had been used from decades for the assessment of toxicants and their harmful effects on environment as well as human health. Magnesium oxide(MgO) particles are being utilized in different fields. However, reports on the adverse effects of MgO nanoparticles on the environment and mankind are scarce. Hence, the toxicity of MgO particles is of concern because of their increased utilization. In the current study, A. cepa was used as an indicator to assess the toxicological efficiency of MgO nano-and microparticles(NPs and MPs) at a range of exposure concentrations(12.5, 25, 50, and100 μg/m L). The toxicity was evaluated by using various bioassays on A. cepa root tip cells such as comet assay, oxidative stress and their uptake/internalization profile. Results indicated a dose dependent increase in chromosomal aberrations and decrease in mitotic index(MI) when compared to control cells and the effect was more significant for NPs than MPs(at p 0.05). Comet analysis revealed that the Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) damage in terms of percent tail DNA ranged from 6.8–30.1 over 12.5–100 μg/m L concentrations of MgO NPs and was found to be significant at the exposed concentrations. A significant increase in generation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals was observed in accordance with the lipid peroxidation profile in both MgO NPs and MPs treated plants when compared with control. In conclusion, this investigation revealed that MgO NPs exposure exhibited greater toxicity on A. cepa than MPs.