含水量对红粘土抗剪强度的影响

红粘土是一种区域性特殊土,含水量对其抗剪强度的影响与一般粘性土的规律不尽相同。通过室内直剪试验研究发现,含水量与红粘土粘聚力存在阶梯状相关关系,并且根据最小二乘法原理可以将其拟舍为多项式函数表达式。另外,随着含水量的增加,红粘土的内摩擦角变化不显著,呈微幅度波动状态。     

GENERALIZED LOW-FLOW FREQUENCY RELATIONSHIPS FOR UNGAGED SITES IN MASSACHUSETTS1

ABSTRACT: Regional hydrologic procedures such as generalized least squares regression and streamflow record augmentation have been advocated for obtaining estimates of both flood-flow and low-flow statistics at ungaged sites. While such procedures are extremely useful in regional flood-flow studies, no evaluation of their merit in regional low-flow estimation has been made using actual streamflow data. This study develops generalized regional regression equations for estimating the d-day, T-year low-flow discharge, Q_{d, t}, at ungaged sites in Massachusetts where d = 3, 7, 14, and 30 days. A two-parameter lognormal distribution is fit to sequences of annual minimum d-day low-flows and the estimated parameters of the lognormal distribution are then related to two drainage basin characteristics: drainage area and relief. The resulting models are general, simple to use, and about as precise as most previous models that only provide estimates of a single statistic such as Q_7,10. Comparisons are provided of the impact of using ordinary least squares regression, generalized least squares regression, and streamflow record augmentation procedures to fit regional low-flow frequency models in Massachusetts.     

Effects of Weighting Schemes on the Identification of Wildlife Corridors Generated with Least‐Cost Methods

The importance of movement corridors for maintaining connectivity within metapopulations of wild animals is a cornerstone of conservation. One common approach for determining corridor locations is least‐cost corridor (LCC) modeling, which uses algorithms within a geographic information system to search for routes with the lowest cumulative resistance between target locations on a landscape. However, the presentation of multiple LCCs that connect multiple locations generally assumes all corridors contribute equally to connectivity, regardless of the likelihood that animals will use them. Thus, LCCs may overemphasize seldom‐used longer routes and underemphasize more frequently used shorter routes. We hypothesize that, depending on conservation objectives and available biological information, weighting individual corridors on the basis of species‐specific movement, dispersal, or gene flow data may better identify effective corridors. We tested whether locations of key connectivity areas, defined as the highest 75th and 90th percentile cumulative weighted value of approximately 155,000 corridors, shift under different weighting scenarios. In addition, we quantified the amount and location of private land that intersect key connectivity areas under each weighting scheme. Some areas that appeared well connected when analyzed with unweighted corridors exhibited much less connectivity compared with weighting schemes that discount corridors with large effective distances. Furthermore, the amount and location of key connectivity areas that intersected private land varied among weighting schemes. We believe biological assumptions and conservation objectives should be explicitly incorporated to weight corridors when assessing landscape connectivity. These results are highly relevant to conservation planning because on the basis of recent interest by government agencies and nongovernmental organizations in maintaining and enhancing wildlife corridors, connectivity will likely be an important criterion for prioritization of land purchases and swaps. Efectos de los Esquemas de Ponderación sobre la Identificación de Corredores para Vida Silvestre Generados con Métodos Menos Costosos     

多输入多输出系统的相干性的问题分析

从相干性的来源入手,依次介绍了常相干性、偏相干性、重相干性的物理意义和运算关系,并研究了在实际试验中对相干性的估计和误差方面的问题。此外,还列出了一些对相关性理解和利用方面的一些命题,并依次进行了论证。     

不同物理清洗方式对一体式膜生物反应器过滤特性的影响

通过考察一体式膜生物反应器运行过程中的膜污染情况和不同物理清洗方式减缓膜污染的效果,研究造成膜污染的原因和控制膜污染的方法.结果表明:膜外表面沉积污泥是造成膜污染的主要因素.空曝气减轻膜污染的作用有限,只能将归一化膜比通量从0.26提高到0.39;在活性污泥混合液中搓洗膜丝可以清除膜外表面沉积污泥层,可将归一化膜比通量从0.29提高到0.64,是一种方便而有效的清洗方式,且可在实际生产中实现.间歇式运行方式的停抽期间,最低剩余抽吸压力可以用来表征运行过程中膜过滤性能的变化.      

Heteroscedastic semiparametric models for domestic water consumption aggregated data

Heteroscedastic additive and multiplicative models are proposed to disaggregate household data on water consumption from Athens and provide individual consumption estimates. The models adjust for heteroscedasticity assuming that variances relate to covariates. Household characteristics that can influence consumption are also included into models in order to allow for a clearer measurement of individual characteristics effects. Estimation is accomplished through a penalized least squares approach. The method is applied to a sample of real data related to domestic water consumption in Athens. The results show a greater consumption of water for males while the single-female households are these that use the lowest quantities of water. The consumption curves by age and gender are constructed presenting differences between the two sexes.

淀山湖营养物输入响应关系的分位数回归分析

采用分位数回归方法研究了淀山湖富营养化输入(总氮和总磷)及响应指标(叶绿素a)之间的关系.结果表明,淀山湖营养物TP和TN(输入指标)对不同分位叶绿素a(响应指标)的影响不同.在低分位(0.10~0.50)时,淀山湖的藻类生物量(叶绿素a)主要受TP的控制;在高分位(0.60~0.90)时,淀山湖的藻类生物量同时受TP和TN的控制;TN对藻类生长的抑制作用随分位数升高而加强.0.60分位时是TP和TN对藻类增长影响发生变化的分位.普通最小二乘法(OLS)方法得到的经验方程,不能估计淀山湖多个因素不同变化速率对湖泊营养物输入响应关系的影响.     

基于LSSVM的石灰石浆液制取电耗优化

提出了基于最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)构造以球磨机制浆速度作为目标优化模型,并采用遗传算法实现了给料量、给水量、漩流器入口压力等运行参数的寻优,获得了优化制浆速度的调整方式。以此方式的相应参数作为当前负荷下的基准值,能很好地解决制浆工况下运行参数基准的确定问题。通过现场试验证明:按此基准值运行,可以提高制浆速度,降低电耗。     

SIMULTANEOUS EQUATION SYSTEMS: A CONSISTENT ESTIMATOR FOR UNKNOWN PARAMETERS IN CONFINED AQUIFERS1

ABSTRACT: This paper presents criteria for establishing the identification status of the inverse problem for confined aquifer flow. Three linear estimation methods (ordinary least squares, two-stage least squares, and three-stage least squares) and one nonlinear method (maximum likelihood) are used to estimate the matrices of parameters embedded in the partial differential equation characterizing confined flow. Computational experience indicates several advantages of maximum likelihood over the linear methods.