江西铜矿及冶炼厂周边土壤和农作物稀土元素含量与评价

研究江西省铜矿开采和冶炼对周边农田土壤、农作物稀土元素含量的影响.结果表明,铜矿开采和冶炼可提高土壤及农作物稀土元素的含量.德兴银山铅锌铜矿和贵溪冶炼厂周边农田土壤中总稀土元素含量范围分别为112.42~397.02mg·kg-1和48.81~250.06 mg·kg-1,总稀土元素平均值分别为254.84 mg·kg-1和144.21 mg·kg-1,分别是江西省背景值的1.21倍和0.68倍,全国背景值的1.36倍和0.77倍,对照样点的3.59倍和2.03倍.贵溪冶炼厂周边10种农作物样品中总稀土元素含量范围为0.35~2.87 mg·kg-1,作物叶子中的稀土元素含量高于茎和块根.番茄、空心菜叶和萝卜叶中总稀土元素含量分别为2.87、1.58和0.80 mg·kg-1,均超过我国蔬菜和水果卫生标准的总稀土元素含量限值(0.70 mg·kg-1).矿区居民终身摄入稀土元素的总量为17.72μg·(kg·d)-1,低于安全剂量和临界值,对人体还不构成健康风险.研究结果说明在江西进行铜矿开采和冶炼时必须重视稀土元素对周边环境的影响.     

对新疆伴生放射性矿物开发利用中辐射安全监督管理的探讨

基于新疆富有相当数量和种类的伴生放射性煤炭、花岗石、有色金属等矿正在开发利用,必然带来一些辐射安全问题,应加强监督管理的实况,提出做好调查研究,查清伴生放射性矿的分布及辐射水平,将其纳入环境影响评价制度,制定科学性、实用性强的辐射审管标准,搞好宣传教育并全面做好监管工作等5项监管措施。     

Reduction of dioxin emission by a multi-layer reactor with bead-shaped activated carbon in simulated gas stream and real flue gas of a sinter plant

A laboratory-scale multi-layer system was developed for the adsorption of PCDD/Fs from gas streams at various operating conditions, including gas flow rate, operating temperature and water vapor content. Excellent PCDD/F removal efficiency (>99.99%) was achieved with the multi-layer design with bead-shaped activated carbons (BACs). The PCDD/F removal efficiency achieved with the first layer adsorption bed decreased as the gas flow rate was increased due to the decrease of the gas retention time. The PCDD/F concentrations measured at the outlet of the third layer adsorption bed were all lower than 0.1 ng I-TEQ Nm⁻³. The PCDD/Fs desorbed from BAC were mainly lowly chlorinated congeners and the PCDD/F outlet concentrations increased as the operating temperature was increased. In addition, the results of pilot-scale experiment (real flue gases of an iron ore sintering plant) indicated that as the gas flow rate was controlled at 15 slpm, the removal efficiencies of PCDD/F congeners achieved with the multi-layer reactor with BAC were better than that in higher gas flow rate condition (20 slpm). Overall, the lab-scale and pilot-scale experiments indicated that PCDD/F removal achieved by multi-layer reactor with BAC strongly depended on the flow rate of the gas stream to be treated.     

某金矿周边土壤和地下水中砷的健康风险评价

以湖北某含砷金矿污染场地为例,依据《污染场地风险评估技术导则》(HJ 25.3—2014),对其周边土壤和地下水中砷元素进行健康风险评价,结果表明:该金矿周边土壤和地下水中砷分别通过经口摄入土壤、皮肤接触土壤和吸入土壤颗粒物、饮用地下水4种暴露途径的致癌风险均超过可接受风险水平(10-6),对周边居民造成潜在危害。计算得到经口摄入、皮肤接触和吸入途径基于致癌效应的土壤风险控制值分别为1.6 mg/kg、9.3 mg/kg和12.1 mg/kg,应予以重视,并建议对矿山进行综合治理和目标值修复。     

某矿热炉烟气余热利用系统测量与诊断

对某铁合金厂2台硅铁矿热炉烟气参数进行了现场测量,测量结果表明,测点烟气温度偏低,流量偏大.通过对原始测量数据进行筛选整理,得到了更加真实的测量结果;通过分析测量数据,诊断出导致现有余热锅炉进口烟气温度偏低的主要原因,并给出相应的对策建议.     

Atmospheric emission of polychlorinated naphthalenes from iron ore sintering processes

Iron ore sintering processes constitute significant sources of dioxins, and studies have confirmed a close correlation between polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) and dioxin formation. Thus, iron ore sintering processes are thought to be a potential source of PCNs, although intensive investigations on PCN emissions from sintering processes have not been carried out. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to qualify and quantify PCN emissions from nine sintering plants operating on different industrial scales. PCN concentrations ranged from 3 to 983 ng m⁻³ (0.4-23.3 pg TEQ_PCN m⁻³) and emission factors ranged from 14 to 1749 μg t⁻¹ (0.5-41.5 ng TEQ_PCN t⁻¹), with a geometric mean of 84 μg t⁻¹ (2.1 ng TEQ_PCN t⁻¹). The estimated annual emission of PCNs from sintering processes in China was 1390 mg TEQ_PCN. These figures will assist in the development of a PCN emissions inventory. Regarding emission characteristics, PCNs mainly comprised low-chlorinated homologs. The ratios of several characteristic PCN congeners were also measured and compared with those from other sources. Taken together, these results may provide useful information for identifying the sources of PCNs produced by iron ore sintering processes.     

武江大桥桥址区岩溶灾害综合勘察方法研究

在武江大桥桥址区岩溶灾害勘察的基础上,研究了高密度电法和跨孔地震波CT方法在岩溶勘察中的应用,并且勘察结果与钻探验证进行了对比,得出高密度电法和跨孔地震波CT适用于岩溶勘察的结论,并讨论了其他勘察方法在岩溶地区的适用性和局限性。     

低频振动对高温类铀矿岩氡析出规律的影响研究

为了研究铀矿山采掘作业低频振动对高温铀矿围岩氡析出规律的影响,选取南方某铀尾矿砂、石英砂等原材料制备类铀矿岩试块,基于正交试验原理设计0~40 Hz与30~50℃两种因素条件下共计25组对比试验。试验结果表明:在一定时间范围内,单因素测量条件下低频振动与高温加热对试块的氡析出率均有提升作用,但是随着振动频率的上升,氡析出率会呈现一个先增大后减小的趋势,30 Hz时氡析出率达到最大值;在低频振动与高温持续加热耦合作用下,氡析出率变化呈三维立体曲面,在曲面振动频率30 Hz、试块测量温度为50℃位置时氡析出率达到最大值,试验结论可为铀矿井氡防护优化提供一定的参考。     

云南磷矿资源开发新技术研究

分析了云南磷矿业的资源优势和开发中存在的问题，并对新技术进行了研究。