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71.
农药废水的“物化+生化”处理技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生产久效磷和亚磷酸三甲脂产生的废水是高浓度、毒性大的有机农药废水 ,采用适当的物化手段作为预处理可以降低废水的CODCr和毒性 ,提高废水的可生化性 ,再经过以光合细菌为主的接触氧化处理 ,整个系统CODCr的去除率达到 99% ,出水CODCr降低至 2 0 0mg/L。 相似文献
72.
区域(城市)水体中主要有机毒物的筛选 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究发展了区域(或城市)水体中主要有毒化学品的筛选方法。 在城市下游采集大体积水样,用CH_2Cl_2洗脱,再用有机溶剂萃取,用硅胶柱把有机物分成许多馏分,馏分最终变为水溶液。每个馏分中有机物浓度比原水大1000倍。用这种馏分水溶液进行溞的急性毒性试验和Ames试验。只对毒性大的馏分进行色谱/质谱/数据系统的鉴定和定量分析,然后根据各个化合物的急性毒性、降解难易和“三致”物质的资料及原水样中有机物的浓度资料,就可筛选出一个区域(城市)水体中的主要有毒化学品。 相似文献
73.
Liu Zhenyu Yang Fenglin Quan Xie Zhang Xiaohong 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(2):166-171
A QWASI model dependent on temperature is parameterized to describe the long-term fate of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
in the Liao River. The model parameters, namely fugacity capacity, degradation rate, and transfer coefficient, are profoundly
affected by temperature. This model is used to simulate the fate of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) in the lower reaches of the Liao River from 1998 to 2008. Modeling results show that γ-HCH fugacity capacities in air, water, and sediment increase as temperature decreases, and the transfer and transformation
rate coefficients increase as temperature increases. The variations of transfer and transformation parameter D values depend on fugacity capacities, and transfer and transformation coefficients simultaneously. The performance of the
model is evaluated by comparing the predicted and observed concentrations in the water and sediment of the Liao River. The
predicted values agree well with the observed value in the order of magnitude, in most cases within the factor of 3. It is
believed that the model is appropriate for simulating the long term fate of POPs in the Liao River.
Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(1): 121–125 [译自: 环境科学] 相似文献
74.
75.
文章采用铁屑一活性炭内电解法作为光合细菌生化处理染料废水的预处理方法,考查了3个主要影响因素(铁炭比、停留时间、初始pH值)。结果表明,最佳的处理条件为:铁炭比为7:3,pH值为5,停留时间为60min。在上述最佳处理条件下,对初始COD为6790mg/L的染料废水处理效率可以达到66.1%,并且废水经预处理后可生化性得到大大提高,有利于后续生化处理的进行。 相似文献
76.
Developing Canada's National Forest Carbon Monitoring, Accounting and Reporting System to Meet the Reporting Requirements of the Kyoto Protocol 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The rate of carbon accumulation in the atmosphere can be reduced by decreasing emissions from the burning of fossil fuels
and by increasing the net uptake (or reducing the net loss) of carbon in terrestrial (and aquatic) ecosystems. The Kyoto Protocol
addresses both the release and uptake of carbon. Canada is developing a National Forest Carbon Monitoring, Accounting and
Reporting System in support of its international obligations to report greenhouse gas sources and sinks. This system employs
forest-inventory data, growth and yield information, and statistics on natural disturbances, management actions and land-use
change to estimate forest carbon stocks, changes in carbon stocks, and emissions of non-CO2 greenhouse gases. A key component of the system is the Carbon Budget Model of the Canadian Forest Sector (CBM-CFS). The model
is undergoing extensive revisions to enable analyses at four spatial scales (national, provincial, forest management unit
and stand) and in annual time steps. The model and the supporting databases can be used to assess carbon-stock changes between
1990 and the present, and to predict future carbon-stock changes based on scenarios of future disturbance rates and management
actions. 相似文献
77.
Carbon Dioxide Balance of Wood Substitution: Comparing Concrete- and Wood-Framed Buildings 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Leif Gustavsson Kim Pingoud Roger Sathre 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(3):667-691
In this study a method is suggested to compare the net carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from the construction of concrete- and wood-framed buildings. The method is then applied to two buildings in Sweden
and Finland constructed with wood frames, compared with functionally equivalent buildings constructed with concrete frames.
Carbon accounting includes: emissions due to fossil fuel use in the production of building materials; the replacement of fossil
fuels by biomass residues from logging, wood processing, construction and demolition; carbon stock changes in forests and
buildings; and cement process reactions. The results show that wood-framed construction requires less energy, and emits less
CO2 to the atmosphere, than concrete-framed construction. The lifecycle emission difference between the wood- and concrete-framed
buildings ranges from 30 to 130 kg C per m2 of floor area. Hence, a net reduction of CO2 emission can be obtained by increasing the proportion of wood-based building materials, relative to concrete materials. The
benefits would be greatest if the biomass residues resulting from the production of the wood building materials were fully
used in energy supply systems. The carbon mitigation efficiency, expressed in terms of biomass used per unit of reduced carbon
emission, is considerably better if the wood is used to replace concrete building material than if the wood is used directly
as biofuel. 相似文献
78.
79.
Can Forest-protection carbon projects improve rural livelihoods? Analysis of the Noel Kempff Mercado climate action project,Bolivia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Asquith Nigel M. Vargas Ríos María Teresa Smith Joyotee 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2002,7(4):323-337
We studied the Noel KempffMercado Climate Action Project (NKMCAP),Bolivia, to assess whether forestprotection carbon (C) projects cansignificantly benefit local people. Wehypothesized that forest protection canonly securely deliver C if significantstakeholders are meaningfully andtransparently involved, traditional orcustomary rights are recognized and theirloss compensated for, and there are directlinkages between conservation anddevelopment objective. Our researchfocused on 53 members of the communities ofFlorida, Porvenir and Piso Firme and 36secondary stakeholders. In each of thevillages we held half-day meetings withcommunity leaders, complemented bysemi-structured one-hour interviews with 5,10, and 7 families, representing 20%, 10%and 8% of each community. The long-termimpact of the NKMCAP on the localcommunities may well be positive. However,in the short run, certain sections of thelocal communities are financially poorer. Forest protection projects clearly have thepotential to sequester C, protectbiodiversity and simultaneously contributeto sustainable rural development, but ifthey really are to improve rurallivelihoods, they must be designed andimplemented carefully and participatively. 相似文献
80.
我国有机食品的发展起步较晚,但近年增长较快。云南省具有多方面优势,只要政府重视,加强宣传,在政策上给予一定优惠,加强有机食品管理,就一定能打开国际市场,进而取得较大发展。 相似文献