温度对填埋垃圾渗滤液特征的影响

温度对填埋场有机垃圾的厌氧降解具有十分重要的影响,因而对填埋场渗滤液特征也产生重要的影响。文章通过在常温及29~45℃范围内设置的6个不同温度下的模拟垃圾柱降解对照试验,分析研究了温度对填埋有机垃圾渗滤液特征的影响。结果表明,在垃圾降解适宜的温度范围(29~45℃)内,较高的温度对渗滤液COD衰减具有较大的促进作用,而保持恒定的温度比升高温度对渗滤液COD衰减的影响更加显著,但温度对垃圾降解渗滤液中氨氮影响并不明显。     

长江口柱状沉积物中有机质C/N比的研究

对长江口四个站位沉积物中有机质的C／N比在垂向上的分布进行了研究，在影响沉积物中有机质C／N比的环境因素中，上覆水体的水深、盐度、密度以及浊度对其有一定的影响．在研究沉积物中有机质C／N比的分布及其影响因素的基础上，进一步估算了陆源输入和海洋自生有机碳在这四个站位沉积物有机碳中所占的比例，结果表明，海洋自生组分占沉积物总有机碳的比例分别为：53．57％(8号站位)、20．34％(11号站位)，12．28％(17号站位)和32．73％(26号站位)．     

有机化合物水解的研究方法

有机化合物在水中的化学降解是其在环境中消失的重要途径之一，本文介绍有机化合物在水中的化学降解的研究方法，并给出研究实例。     

前驱物结晶体升华成膜法制备TiO2薄膜及其光催化性研究

采用“前驱物结晶体升华成膜法”工艺，使含钛前驱物结晶体草酸氧钛酸以升华的方式，均匀地在玻璃表面形成前驱物薄膜；经过热处理，制备出外观平整透明的玻璃基TiO2薄膜，其薄膜厚度为80-100nm，粒度≤50nm。初步研究了制备条件、薄膜性能和本工艺制备的玻璃基TiO2纳米薄膜对甲基对硫磷的光催化降解性能。     

GIS技术在区域土壤有机碳储量估算方面的应用--以柴达木盆地为例

目前在估算土壤有机碳储量方面的方法较多,并且都有其各自的特点所在。地理信息系统(GIS)技术作为当今一种在地学统计分析方面具有强大空间分析功能的计算机应用技术,在地学及相关研究领域得到了广泛的应用。文章首次尝试了利用该技术估算柴达木盆地土壤有机碳储量,该方法与其它计算方法相比,有简单、易操作、可视性好等优点。经计算,柴达木盆地的土壤有机碳储量约为62754.442 t,土壤平均碳面密度为6.105 kgm-2。     

有机污染物在土壤中迁移转化的研究进展

从机理、实验和数值模拟方面,综述了近年来国内外土壤中有机污染物迁移转化过程的最新进展,重点介绍了处理耦合数学模型的的数值模拟方法,并结合土壤污染发展的特点,对今后有机污染的研究方向作了一般性探讨,提出了需要进一步解决的关键性问题。     

Dissolved Organic Matter in Forest Soils: Sources, Complexing Properties and Action On Herbaceous Plants

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component of plant-soil systems. Its essential role in soil solution chemistry, soil-forming processes and its effects on biota, including soil fauna, bacteria, fungi and plants, is extensively documented in literature. in this contribution several forest leaf litter types are compared as sources of DOM and the released organics are subjected to gel permeation chromatography to reveal their molecular-size distribution. Moreover, complexing properties, as an indication for the podzolization potential of the litter leachates, were established. the occurrence and properties of DOM in different soil horizons were monitored beneath a stand of Scots pine. the effects of the different groups of soluble organics including phenolic, fulvic and humic acids, and of water-extractable humic substances on the performance of herbaceous plants of the forest floor are briefly reviewed.     

Use of Biotic Community Structure as a Measure of Ecological Degradation

The benthic macroinvertebrate communities of two lotic aquatic habitats,namely,the Churni River(C-R)and the Jalangi River(J-R)were compared in this study.One lotic aquatic system(C-R)was polluted by organic pollutants due to discharge of unprocessed sewage water,while the other(J-R)was not affected by such pollution.Evaluations of various physico-chemical properties of water,sediment and different macroinvertebrate communities of the two tropical lotic systems were done in a period from January,2002 to December,2003.A long term temporal change in the macroinvertebrate communities was recorded due to increase in sediment rH value.Sediment redox potential affected by the anthropogenic activities was found to be an important factor for alteration of macroinvertebrate communities in these aquatic ecosystems.A positive correlation has been established between rH and Margalef index in this study.Potassium and the total count of coliform bacteria in water showed significantly higher values for the polluted Churni River than those for the Jalangi River.Fig 3,Tab 4,Ref 34     

农药和其它有机化合物环境参数的相关性及其预测

农药和其它有机化合物的水溶解度、正辛醇／水分配系数、有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子等物化参数之间存在着明显的相关性，有机化合物的水溶解度与其正辛醇／水分配系数、有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子呈负相关；正辛醇／水分配系数与有机碳吸附常数和生物浓缩因子呈正相关。本文所建立的数学关系式能较好地预测未知化合物的环境特性。     

15N示踪法研究固氮芽孢杆菌应用效果

通过对水稻盆栽试验,应用15N示踪测试技术和土壤农业化学分析方法,研究接种不同剂量固氮芽孢菌对当季水稻的供氮能力,结果表明:在施有机肥的基础上,接种固氮芽孢杆菌能为当季水稻提供氮素,而且,接菌剂量在0.60亿个?pot-1以内,其供氮能力随着接菌剂量的增加而提高;接种剂量从0.15亿个?pot-1增加到0.60亿个?pot-1,其对当季初的氮素供应从88.7mg?pot-1提高至109.7mg?pot-1,并减少水稻对肥料氮和土壤氮的吸收,增加茬后土壤的速效氮积累,接种量以0.15亿个?pot-1～0.30亿个?pot-1较经济。但在一定的施肥基础上,接种固氮菌对水稻的产生量和吸收氮素总量影响不明显。