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951.
Yukio Noma Sayuri Yamane Akiko Kida 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2001,3(2):126-134
Adsorbable organic halides (AOX) and AOX formation potential (AOXFP) were investigated in 46 landfill lea-chates as potentially
toxic parameters. AOX in landfill leachate was within the range <10–2200 μg Cl/l, and AOXFP was within 51–15 000 μg Cl/l.
AOX and AOXFP correlated with chemical oxygen demand (COD). AOX discharge from closed landfills was generally lower than that
from operating landfills. The molar ratio of AOXFP/total organic carbon (TOC) suggested that organic compounds in a leachate
have a double bond every 15–190 carbons under the supposition that one chlorine would add to one double bond. The five landfills
discharging high-level AOXFP (>4000 μg Cl/l) were all landfills where sludge had been dumped. The removal efficiencies of
three parameters through leachate treatment processes were as follows: polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins/dibenzo-furans (PCDDs/DFs)
> TOC > AOX. PCDDs/DFs were substantially removed at p.p.t. levels, while AOX was hardly removed at relatively low levels.
Received: February 14, 2000 / Accepted: January 9, 2001 相似文献
952.
活性炭-纳滤膜工艺去除饮用水中总有机碳和Ames致突变物 总被引:17,自引:2,他引:15
分别以地表水和地下水为水源的水厂出水为研究对象 ,探讨活性炭 纳滤膜工艺对饮用水中总有机碳和Ames致突变物的去除效果及机理 .结果表明 ,活性炭的吸附作用受其本身性质和有机物特性影响较大 ,去除能力有限 ,但它可作为纳滤的预处理 ,确保膜进水符合要求 ;纳滤则可将水中总有机碳和Ames致突变物大部分去除 ,使TA98及TA100菌株在各试验剂量下的MR值均小于 2 ,Ames试验结果均完全呈阴性 ,确保了饮用水的安全性 .两者的组合是获得优质饮用水的有效处理工艺 . 相似文献
953.
有机污染物土地生物处理过程动态规律模拟研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
应用土壤颗粒内部有机污染物屏蔽理论,说明土地生物处理过程中残余有机污染物在土壤中的滞留现象,提出描述有机污染物在土壤及相连的水环境中生物降解过程的数学模型.其中,污染物的扩散过程用Fick第二扩散定律表示,可逆的吸附和解吸过程用线性吸附等温线表示,不可逆的土壤颗粒内部屏蔽过程用假一级反应动力学方程表示,生物降解过程用Monod动力学方程表示.模型计算结果与实验结果基本拟合,表示模型基本可靠.利用该数学模型,可以定量预测有机污染物进行土地生物处理所需的时间、处理的程度及动态规律. 相似文献
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956.
北京、东京、筑波大气中有机污染物组成研究 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
用低流量采样器及双层采样滤膜 (石英及固相萃取用C1 8膜 )采集了北京、东京和筑波三城市冬季 (1999年 1月 )大气颗粒物和大气气相物质 ,3个城市的共同特点是大气气相物质中含有很高浓度的苯环数 2~ 4的多环芳烃及碳数小于 2 0的正构烷烃 ,大气颗粒物中以 5~ 6个苯环多环芳烃为主。冬季正构烷烃没有明显的偶数碳数和奇数的区别。但是 ,北京大气气相物质和颗粒物中多环芳烃浓度明显高于东京和筑波 ,而且各正构烷烃及多环芳烃的浓度分布也与东京和筑波的不同 ,表明冬季大气中有机污染物来源不同。 相似文献
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959.
Wayne W. Lapham Michael J. Moran John S. Zogorski 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2000,36(6):1321-1334
ABSTRACT: The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has compiled a national retrospective data set of analyses of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water of the United States. The data are from Federal, State, and local nonpoint‐source monitoring programs, collected between 1985–95. This data set is being used to augment data collected by the USGS National Water‐Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program to ascertain the occurrence of VOCs in ground water nationwide. Eleven attributes of the retrospective data set were evaluated to determine the suitability of the data to augment NAWQA data in answering occurrence questions of varying complexity. These 11 attributes are the VOC analyte list and the associated reporting levels for each VOC, well type, well‐casing material, type of openings in the interval (screened interval or open hole), well depth, depth to the top and bottom of the open interval(s), depth to water level in the well, aquifer type (confined or unconfined), and aquifer lithology. VOCs frequently analyzed included solvents, industrial reagents, and refrigerants, but other VOCs of current interest were not frequently analyzed. About 70 percent of the sampled wells have the type of well documented in the data set, and about 74 percent have well depth documented. However, the data set generally lacks documentation of other characteristics, such as well‐casing material, information about the screened or open interval(s), depth to water level in the well, and aquifer type and lithology. For example, only about 20 percent of the wells include information on depth to water level in the well and only about 14 percent of the wells include information about aquifer type. The three most important enhancements to VOC data collected in nonpoint‐source monitoring programs for use in a national assessment of VOC occurrence in ground water would be an expanded VOC analyte list, recording the reporting level for each analyte for every analysis, and recording key ancillary information about each well. These enhancements would greatly increase the usefulness of VOC data in addressing complex occurrence questions, such as those that seek to explain the reasons for VOC occurrence and nonoccurrence in ground water of the United States. 相似文献
960.