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91.
关于成矿流体地球化学研究的几个问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
成矿流体地球化学是当前正蓬勃发展的流体地质学研究的一个重要分支。本文对八十年代以来国际上关于成矿流体地球化学研究的几个问题做了阐述,涉及到元素在熔体-溶液平衡体系中的分配、热水溶液系统中成矿元素的配合物形式及其主要影响因素,金属从成矿流体中沉淀机理研究等。提出了在成矿流体地球化学研究方面应重视的问题。 相似文献
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Holmberg Maria Mulder Jan Posch Maximilian Starr Michael Forsius Martin Johansson Matti Bak Jesper Ilvesniemi Hannu Sverdrup Harald 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2001,1(1-2):91-101
We reviewed the current methods for calculatingcritical loads of acidity for forest soils. The consequencesof four sets of assumptions concerning the soil modelstructure, parameter values and the critical loads criterionwere explored by comparing the values of the averageaccumulated exceedance (AAE) calculated for Finland withdeposition values for the year 1995. The AAE index is given inthe unit of deposition and is a measure of how far a region isfrom being protected in terms of fulfilling a certaincriterion, taking into account the size of the ecosystem areas.Using a critical limit for the molar ratio of theconcentrations of base cations to aluminium in soil solutiongave the lowest average accumulated exceedance. Assumingorgano-aluminium complexes and leaching of organic anions gaveAAE = 4 eq ha-1 a-1, which was close to the valueobtained with the standard approach used in Finland, assuminggibbsite equilibrium and no leaching of organic anions,yielding AAE = 5 eq ha-1 a-1. With a critical basesaturation limit, instead of the concentrations criterion, theAAE index was 17 eq ha-1 a-1. The highest averageaccumulated exceedance (AAE = 25 eq ha-1 a-1),corresponding to the lowest critical load, was obtained whenthe effects-based criterion (critical concentration or criticalbase saturation) was substituted with one restricting thedeterioration of the neutralizing capacity of the soil, ANC
le(crit) = 0. These tests illustrate the variabilityof the critical load values for acidity that can be introducedby changing the criterion or by varying the calculation method,without, however, representing the extreme values of criticalloads that could be derived. 相似文献
95.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) in contaminated soil was removed by treatment with aqueous solutions of iron(III)-porphyrin complexes as catalysts and potassium monopersulfate (KHSO5) as the oxygen donor. The contaminated soils were artificially prepared by spiking PCP to the kaolin and ando soils. Three types of iron(III)-porphyrin complexes, tetra(?p-sulfophenyl) porphineiron(III) (Fe(III)-TPPS), tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridil)porphineiron(III) (Fe(III)-TMPyP) and heme, were examined, and Fe(III)-TPPS was found to be the most effective for removing PCP. Although the sequential addition of KHSO5 was examined, in an attempt to improve the efficiency of PCP removal, it was not effective. In a preliminary test of various aqueous solutions, the addition of humic acid (HA), with a lower degree of humification, led to a significant enhancement in PCP removal. When HA was added to the soil system, the percentages of PCP removal were increased by up to 10% compared to the absence of HA. Therefore, the addition of HA to the catalytic system was useful in enhancing PCP removal from contaminated soil. 相似文献
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Pragnesh K. Panchal 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(3):407-414
The present article describes the synthesis, structural features and toxicological studies of the complexes of the type [M(L)(dipy-amine)(H2O)] or [M(L)(bendan)(H2O)] where M?=?Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II), H2L?=?salicylidene-o-aminothiophenol, dipy-amine?=di(2-pyridyal)amine, or bendan?=?bis(benzylidene)1,8-diaminonaphthalene. The complexes have been characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, electronic spectra, magnetic measurement and thermogravimetric analyses. The nature of the bonding has been discussed on the basis of infrared spectral data. A thermal study of the complexes has been carried out to ascertain their thermal stability. Magnetic susceptibility measurements and electronic spectral data suggest a six-coordinated octahedral structure for these complexes. The complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) are paramagnetic, while Zn(II) and Cd(II) are diamagnetic in nature. The toxic effects of the investigated complexes were tested against three Gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens by the “Disc Diffusion Method”. It is observed that the complexes show higher toxic effects as compared to the ligands, metal salts and control (DMSO), but moderate toxic effects as compared to the standard drug (tetracycline) and the results are discussed. 相似文献
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The oxovanadium(IV) (VO(IV)) complexes, Schiff bases, vanadyl sulphate, standard fungicides (bavistin and emcarb) and control (dimethyl sulphoxide) were tested for their in vitro fungitoxic activity on A. niger, F. oxysporum and A. flavus. The oxovanadium(IV) complexes show higher fungitoxic activity as compared with the free ligands, vanadyl sulphate and control (dimethyl sulphoxide), but moderate fungitoxic activity as compared with the standard fungicides (bavistin and emcarb). Oxovanadium(IV) complexes have been prepared with biologically active Schiff bases viz. the potassium salt of salicylidene-DL-alanine (sal-ala), 2,2′-bipyridylamine (bipym), bis(benzylidene)ethylenediamine (benen), thiophene-o-carboxaldeneaniline (tca), thiophene-o-carboxaldene-p-toluidine (tct), bis(benzylidene)-1,8-diaminonaphthalene (bendan) or bis(acetophenone)ethylenediamine (acphen). They have been characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, magnetic measurements, electronic and infrared spectra. An octahedral geometry has been tentatively assigned to all the complexes. 相似文献
98.
Millions of tons of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are manufactured worldwide and most of them will reach conventional sewage disposal systems after industrial utilization. This raises environmental concerns, but not much is known about the environmental fate of these polymers. The main goals of this research were to evaluate sorption and mobility of PEG in sandier soils of Brazil. PEG 4000 was applied to the soils either freely in solution or as a simulated bioassay residue. The bioassay was prepared to simulate PEG as it is present in the animal feces. It allowed us to compare PEG mobility for both forms of environment disposal. PEG showed very low sorption (<22% of the applied PEG) and high mobility potential (>43% of the applied amount in the free-PEG and >24% of the applied amount in the bioassay-PEG experiment) in the studied soils. When PEG was applied, simulating its supply to animal diets, about 30% of its applied amount was retained into the bioassay residues and its leaching potential was reduced, whereas the remaining amount (about 70%) was readily available in solution and could be directly released into the environment. 相似文献
99.
The interactions of 10 different chromium(III) complexes with isolated calf thymus DNA have been analysed by studying the electronic and fluoresence spectra of intercalated ethidiumbromide. Triply charged cationic complexes including: [Cr(urea)6]Cl3.3H2O, [Cr(1,10‐phenanthroline)3](ClO4)3.2H2O, [Cr(2,2'‐bipyridyl)3] (ClO4)3.2H2O, [Cr(ethylendiamine)3]Cl3.3.5H2O and [Cr(NH3)6](NO3)3 displaced the dye from DNA. Similar effects were observed in experiments using the non‐intercalating dye bisbenzimidazole ("Hoechst 33258"). However, singly charged cationic, anionic and uncharged chromium(III) complexes such as: cis‐[Cr(1,10‐phenanthroline)2Cl2]Cl.2H2O, cis‐[Cr(2,2'‐bipyridyl)2Cl2]Cl.2H2O, [Cr(glutathione)2]Na2, [Cr(cysteine)2]Na.2H2O and [Cr(glycine)3] were unable to displace both ethidiumbromide and bisbenzimidazole from DNA. There was no evidence for the formation of co‐ordinate bonds between chromium(III) and DNA for any of the above complexes. The charge and type of ligand are important in controlling the interaction of chromium(III) with isolated DNA in vitro. Our findings indicate that the outer sphere interaction of a chromium(III) complex with DNA is weak and unlikely to be the mechanism by which chromate causes DNA impairments in vivo and in vitro. 相似文献
100.
采用共沉淀法制备了新型Ti-Fe复合氢氧化物吸附剂,并对其表面特性及除砷性能进行了初步研究。比表面和孔隙测试结果表明:2种Ti-Fe复合氢氧化物TF和TM的比表面积分别为148.6,147.6 m2/g,平均孔径分别为6.2,6.5 nm。Lagergren二级吸附动力学模型,可以很好地描述Ti-Fe复合氢氧化物吸附去除As(Ⅲ)的动力学过程。Freundlich和Langmuir方程均能较好地描述Ti-Fe复合氢氧化物吸附As(Ⅲ)的过程,而且Freundlich方程的拟合效果更好(R2>0.96);TF和TM对As(Ⅲ)的饱和吸附容量分别达到76.92,38.76 mg/g。当PO34-浓度小于2 mmol/L时,TF和TM对As(Ⅲ)的去除率分别可以达到空白样的90%和80%以上;浓度为10 mmol/L时,去除率也可分别达到60%和55%。Ti-Fe复合氢氧化物能够有效减轻PO34-对吸附性能的抑制。 相似文献