含13种有机氯农药土壤标准样品的研制

采用分级稀释混合法将来自不同采样点的含不同种类和浓度的有机氯农药(OCPs)的样品进行混合制得含13种OCPs的土壤标准样品。根据GB/T 15000《标准样品工作导则》系列标准对土壤标准样品进行均匀性检验、稳定性检验,并和16家实验室协作定值。实验结果表明:土壤标准样品中13种OCPs指标均匀性良好,保证土壤标准样品足够均匀的最小取样量为0.50 g;在室温(不超过30℃)避光贮存条件下,在为期12个月的稳定性检验期间,该土壤标准样品中13种OCPs稳定性良好。该土壤标准样品中13种OCPs指标的含量范围为0.08~5.23μg/g,扩展不确定度为0.014~0.82μg/g,基本满足我国土壤、沉积物等环境样品中OCPs的质量控制检测需求。     

一体式粉末活性炭-微滤组合工艺的除污染效能

研究了一体式粉末活性炭-微滤(PAC-MF)组合工艺对有机物、农药和氨氮的去除效果,并量化了粉末活性炭-微滤工艺中PAC、微生物和MF分别对去除污染物的贡献.结果表明,PAC-MF组合工艺对TOC、UV254、以及THMFP和HAAFP的平均去除率分别为73.56%、96.75%、77.64%、83%,对敌敌畏的平均去除率为95.1%,对氨氮的平均去除率可达98%.粉末活性炭-微滤工艺中,活性炭能够使膜的有机负荷降至膜直接过滤工艺的28.32%,膜表面的炭层对污染物有去除作用;活性炭在一次性高浓度的投加方式下,可以提高活性炭对氨氮的吸附作用,使对氨氮的去除率达44.5%.     

长江水系武汉段典型有机氯农药的生态风险评价

通过采集并测定长江水系武汉段30个不同样点水样中3种典型有机氯农药(OCPs)(p,p'-DDT、艾氏剂、γ-HCH)的浓度,依据OCPs对44～68种水生生物的无可见效应浓度(NOEC),分别应用商值法、概率密度函数重叠面积和联合概率曲线3种风险评价方法对长江水系武汉段p,p'-DDT、γ-HCH、艾氏剂的生态风险进行了评价结果表明,3种风险评价方法得到的结果基本一致,长江水系武汉段3种OCPs残留均存在一定的生态风险.其中,p,p'-DDT的生态风险最大,艾氏剂次之,γ-HCH的生态风险最小此外,对风险评价过程中存在的不确定性进行了分析,通过对不同方法及评价结果的分析表明,联合概率曲线方法更适合于长江水系武汉段OCPs的风险表征     

Concentration and fate of persistent organochlorine pesticides in estuarine sediments using headspace solid-phase microextraction

The concentration and fate of persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in estuarine surface sediments in Erh-jen and Lan-yang rivers, Taiwan were investigated using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HSSPME) method to evaluate the possible pollution potential and guideline for OCP concentrations in Taiwan. The HSSPME method exhibits a good analytical performance with low detection limits for OCP determination in sediment. In addition, results obtained using the developed HSSPME method were in good agreement with those obtained using Soxhlet extraction in a certified sample. The developed analytical method was further applied to the determination of concentrations of OCP residues in surface sediments from the estuaries of the selected rivers in Taiwan. A total of 20 surface sediments from each river was collected from 10 sampling stations. The total OCP concentrations in sediments from Erh-jen River ranged from 0.17 to 5.04 ng/g-dw with the mean values of 0.25–1.24 ng/g-dw for HCHs, 0.10–0.89 ng/g-dw for cyclodienes and 0.16–0.64 ng/g-dw for DDTs. The concentrations of OCPs in sediments from Lan-yang River were in the range 0.37–0.9 ng/g-dw with an average of lower than 0.5 ng/g-dw. HCHs and DDTs were abundant in the estuarine sediments from the selected rivers. Results obtained in this study show that the origin of OCPs in the surface sediments from Erh-jen River is a combination of erosion of the weathered soils and long-range atmospheric transport, while the OCP concentrations found in Lan-yang River could be regarded as the background levels of OCPs in Taiwan.     

Organochlorine pesticides in the ambient air of Chiapas, Mexico

Organochlorine (OC) pesticides were measured in the ambient air of Chiapas, Mexico during 2000-2001. Concentrations of some OC pesticides (DDTs, chlordanes, toxaphene) were elevated compared with levels in the Great Lakes region, while those of other pesticides were not (hexachlorocyclohexanes, dieldrin). While this suggests southern Mexico as a source region for the former group of chemicals, comparably high levels have also been reported in parts of the southern United States, where their suspected sources are soil emissions (DDTs, toxaphene) and termiticide usage (chlordane). Ratios of p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE and trans-chlordane/cis-chlordane/trans-nonachlor (TC/CC/TN) in Chiapas suggest a mixture of fresh and weathered sources, while congener profiles of toxaphene suggest emission of old residues from soils. This is supported by air parcel back trajectory analysis, which indicated that air masses over Chiapas at the time of sampling had previously passed over areas of continuing or recent use of some OC pesticides as well as areas of past use.     

南京某地农业土壤中有机污染分布状况研究

对某大型矿业企业周边农业土壤中两类POPs物质——15种多环芳烃和有机氯农药（DDTs和HCHs）的残留量进行了调查。结果表明,PAHs检出率为100%,总残留量范围为312.2~27 580.9 μg·kg-1,且以四环以上多环芳烃组分为主。不同样区土壤PAHs残留量受常年风向影响明显。农业土壤中有机氯农药六六六和滴滴涕均有检出,但残留水平不高,分别为3.60 μg·kg-1(0.81~9.43 μg·kg-1)和11.13 μg·kg-1(3.31~43.81 μg·kg-1)。土壤有机氯农药的残留以p,p′ DDE和p,p′ DDT为主。土壤中HCHs的各异构体组分含量特征为α>β>γ>δ。部分采样点土壤仍可能有新的有机氯污染物来源。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定环境水样中30种极性农药

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱快速测定环境水样中30种极性农药的方法.30种极性农药经过固相萃取(SPE)富集净化,以超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS-MS)多级监测模式(MRM)外标法进行定性定量分析.结果表明:环境水样中30种极性农药的检出限为0.2～5 ng/L.对同一环境样品进行了低、中、高3...